I doubt it had gold or silver like south america.

The Russian Empire controlled Eastern Poland, so why didn't the Soviets annex Poland after WW2 like it did with the Baltic States?

I am watching a show called ripper street and it made me curious.

In the form learnt at school:

eg

2 5 1

* 4 2

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ANSWER

Thanks,

How likely would I be to sustain an injury? How likely would I be to simply be killed?

Why did Germany declare war on France? Because France was mobilizing? What stake did France have in the conflict, and why would France get involved despite its economic hardships and general distance from the whole Austria-Serbia issue?

So I'm listening to Dan Carlin's Hardcore History podcast, and maybe I'm just not there yet (though he's already finished discussing the battle of the Marne, so I don't think he's going to discuss this again), but I don't think he explains why Germany turned away from Paris when the original Schlieffen plan was to take Paris.

Did they fight for control over territory? Did they cooperate against other groups in the region? Did they trade with each other? Were there significant numbers of immigrants from either country? We're there notable cultural influences or technological exchanges between them? Did Russia have more knowledge of China than Western European countries at the time?

I remember reading an account of a siege which seemed to imply that a siege tower was wheeled up to a wall for an assault and then stayed there for some time (like days/weeks) during the siege. I don't know much about this stuff but I always kind of thought once you wheeled it up it was sort of a now or never type situation. I find it difficult to imagine defending a tower that's 3 feet from the enemy for any length of time.

I also remember hearing about trebuchets knocking ramparts off the top of walls. If the attacker had more firepower than the defender, could they essentially clear the entire top of the wall before an assault? Would the attackers who scaled the walls be able to then just instantly take them? Did this happen often? While I'm on the subject: wooden hoardings in the era of stone castles seem like they'd be really easy to destroy. Any details about how useful they were?

Obviously I don't know much about this stuff but I'd like to know more. My final question is what books you would recommend about sieges, particularly during the middle ages.

I've read in several places that James Madison basically ghostwrote George Washington's first inaugural address, then wrote the official House response to that, then ghostwrote Washington's response to that. I can easily find Washington's inaugural address, but does anyone know where I can find the full text of the House response to Washington's inaugural address, and Washington's response to that? Any help is much appreciated!

This question is more about linguistics than history, but since it heavily draws from historical linguistics/philology (and /r/asklinguists is a dead sub) I thought I'd inquire about it here.

It seems, from my limited linguistic experience (English, Portuguese, Latin and notions of some other languages), that natural languages share core syntactic notions, such as in basic morphology (in classifying words as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) and in the possible ways to combine their meanings as a unit (more concretely, clause classifications seem to be the same).

Regarding European languages, this is not too surprising, given the influence Latin had due to the Roman Empire and the Church, and due to the postulated Proto-Indo-European language. However, theories such as Chomsky's Universal Grammar seem to suggest such commonality extends to all languages, well beyond those covered by these explanations.

So my question is: are these curiously reoccurring syntactic (and to some extent semantic) elements in fact universal across contemporary and ancient languages? If so (and this strays somewhat from history), are there historical, psychological or phenomenological theories or conjectures attempting to explain (instead of merely postulate) this astounding coincidence?

EDIT: clarification