I'm curious to know how a second punic war era Carthaginian army was Equipped? Specifically the distinctions between Carthaginians/Punic troops and their mercenary troops such as Iberians, Celts, Ligurians, Libyans and Numidians. Were they armed in the fashion of their culture, if so, for an example how would an Iberian be armed in comparison with a Libyan?

For example, I know that WWI started in 1914 and ended in 1918, but I cannot remember the months or dates. It really sucks because I love history but cannot have a conversation about it with anybody because it looks like I do not know what I'm talking about.

For the longest time I always just imagined them baking a bunch of chocolate cupcakes, but that never felt quite right. So I did the minimum effort of looking on Wikipedia, and the two things it mentioned as sugar's uses in Britain were #1 for tea and #2 (to my surprise and chagrin) "cake."

As for the tea, what are we talking about here? ...a couple of spoonfuls a day, per person? Is that all it took to keep the whole operation going? I guess that would add up quickly, wouldn't it. Also, would I be naive in thinking a high demand for sugar in tea always preceded its supply? Or was it more a case of that's what was coming in on the ships and people were hooked once they tried it? (Sorry for elementary-level economics).

Also, does "cake" refer to something as luxurious and decadent as a big ol' birthday cake (a la Leo DiCaprio in Django Unchained with his "white cake"), or does it probably just mean scones/biscuits or whatever?

Hello Historians,

I love answering questions as a passionate historian but today I'm looking for some answers!

I've read a lot into Soviet history and am always fascinated by the 'Great Patriotic War' and the sacrifices made by the brave people of Russia along with those in Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine amongst a host of other nations. I've always been peturbed by the notion that America saved Europe in WW2. I understand that they made huge economic contributions to the Soviets however in terms of boots on the ground and men killing nazis it has to be accepted that the Soviets did more than any other nation surely!

Firstly - am I overstating the role of the Soviet Union - I know they made some pretty ghastly errors in the first few years of war, however my understanding is that their economic output and tank/armaments building was immense and greatly contributed to their victory.

Secondly, why is this myth of American heroism so pervasive? Is it simply because of the film industry and the self-centred nature of Americans who rarely can see beyond their borders.

Not legal courts. By the late middle ages, I already see quite a few "French" texts appearing in places outside of France (not just the language of the Ile de France itself, but also closely related languages like Provençal, Norman French and so on... Much later, with Versailles, French somehow reasserted itself again but, why?

Is the original influence and expansion of the languages spoken in modern day France perhaps due to the comparitively massive population France had throughout the middle ages or?

Title

After the Roman Empire became Christianized, did any people continue the traditional Greco-Roman religious practices in a secret manner? I know that many modern Christian practices were derived from paganism, but I mean like actual paganism. Other than Judaism and Islam, what other non-Christian religions existed in Europe durin the Middle Ages?

Vaclav Havel's political philosophy seems anti-establishment and pro-individual, and I'm wondering how that's reconciled with a democratic institution that depends on bureaucracy and dehumanization of legislature to remain neutral. Layman terms, please. I'm no political scientist.

I was watching an Oktoberfest video on youtube and they were playing country music and singing "Oh Susana" while men wore cowboy outfits and women wore prostitute garments, all in the German Language!

It just seemed so out of place and personally and started to make me wonder.

I imagine everyone must have wanted the best camping spots...

Hello everyone!

The story about Enigma and the decryption of Nazi war codes seems well known. The Japanese 'colored' codes seems well known as well.

About German decrypting methods i found less information but i'm absolutely clueless about the Soviet cryptography.

Was the Soviet code good or deciphered? What about Soviet efforts? Were they able to decipher German/Japanese/Allies codes or not?

Many thanks!

PS: if this question was already answered, please link it to me, i cannot find it!

edit1: fixed after the first comment.

I assume farmer/farmhand is number one. Please correct me if I'm wrong. When thinking of popular representations, I can think of many options for slave women. Nurse, cook, maid. For men, after farmhand, the only popular representations I can think of is butler, and there can't really have been that many of them, right?

I've always been interested in history, especially ancient history. However, I've only read up on it here and there. I want to start learning and researching about various time periods, civilisations and how history has shaped us. I'm aware that there are websites and books which are inaccurate but are the most "accessible" if you understand what I mean.

Also, I've heard that the history of something tends to be biased towards those who wrote it (or the "victors" as I've heard).

Basically my question is: how do I go about finding accurate and unbiased resources to educate myself on history?

In Merredith Wilson's "The Music Man," title character Harold Hill reminisces about a great historic gathering of marching bands, with a big parade led by seventy-six trombones, 110 cornets, and so forth. On the other hand, Harold Hill is a liar.

Did musical events featuring bands (not orchestras) that large really take place?

Some other questions: did different cultures portray the earth differently, or was the northern hemisphere universally depicted as the 'top half' of the map?

I've been reading Foucault and having difficulties understanding how to employ his "genealogy" technique in uncovering historical concepts. Like, how do we actually know the certain moments/episodes that will have its outcome in the future?

I think (maybe?) the best approach to understand Foucault genealogy is to read studies employing such technique... so can I ask for bibliographical recommendation on it?

Did he plan to become King of England himself? What did he think of James VI?

And, did he have any hope of restoring Catholicism to England?