Hi all, I'm a 5th grade teacher in California. Part of the 5th grade curriculum is learning about explorers of early America, all the classic ones such as Columbus, De Soto, de Anza, Sir Francis Drake, Ponce de Leon, etc.

I'd like to balance my curriculum by also including explorers of as my different identities as possible.

Some examples I've thought of are Sacagawea who explored with Lewis and Clark and Thomas(sina) Hall who "explored" the boundaries of gender in colonial America.

Does anyone have any other suggestions for figures I should look into? A wide definition of "explorer" is fine for me.

I noticed that many countries use 4.0 scale for GPA scale, especially in the higher education (undergraduates and higher). There are also some other countries that use other odd/unusual grading scale like in French they use 20.0 and in Germany or UK they use 7.0 scale (CMIIW, I don't remember much).

But why did they pick these grading system (especially 4.0 in US)?

In many other aspects in our lives, the most common grading or rating scale is either 5.0 or 10.0 scale. And suddenly, in the academic system, they use other grading scale. It's even weirder considering in the high school and lower we used 10.0 scale, and then we suddenly switch to 4.0 scale at the university.

I read quite a bit of 19th century European literature and it strikes me as a bit odd how hiring carriages seems commonplace. How expensive was hiring a carriage? Could the average city dweller afford that?

There's a lot of discussion of female virginity in historical Catholic discourse, notably including many female saints specifically denoted as being virgin saints. I've read a lot of discourse around the attitudes towards women and sexuality reflected by this persistent theme. Was the celibacy or virginity of men ever discussed in similar contexts?

I know that frigate captains could usually paint their ship whatever colours they liked and that they could even add a few more guns abroad, if Patrick O'Brian is to be believed.

How else did Royal Navy captains modify their ships to make it more like their own? Could they also say, add extra men to the complement of marines? Hire another surgeon's mate or carpenter? To what extent were shipboard positions hired by the captain themselves or assigned to the ship by the navy?

In the appendix of Nelson's Navy, Brian Lavery has a list of shipboard positions and he gives figures for how many of these positions there were abroad a ship of a certain size. But I have no idea whether the list is intended to be prescriptive or descriptive. If this list is based on standing orders given by the Admiralty or whatever, could the captain deviate from it?

Literally EVERYONE I feel is now commenting about how "aw vikings isnt an ethnicity its a profession" which I understand but think its pointless mentioning it considering everyones talking about the norsemen when they say that anyways and I didnt think there was a large enough not norse viking community for it to be relevant bringing up am I wrong about this or was there actually arabic and black vikings or any non norse ethnicity for that matter operating in large numbers out of scandinavia? I'm pretty sure the vikings sequel just cast a black actor to play a viking warrior so are there any actual chances that that couldve happened or is it just something for the show? I understand slavs were probably far more likely to be vikings compared to the other ethnicities i've mentioned but was there even a large enough group of them for it to be relevant?

So I started watching the ‘Turning Point: 9/11 and The War on Terror’ docuseries, and I noticed a comment from the CIA op that was interviewed. He said they were sending in “crates of AK47s” through the Karachi port in Pakistan, to the mujahideen. Which leads to my question, were we purchasing arms directly from the Soviet Union? or were these purchased on the black market? Does it matter? Jesus, it is so disheartening to look back at these events. I hope I’m asking the right group, thanks in advance!

We know that the Greeks were vaguely aware that a aboriginal people existed before them. Could we make a definitive link between the invasion and their founding myth

Pretty straightforward question... I'm curious on how the timeline went down because I'm watching Howard stern's coverage and a caller mentioned that "the Palestinians and Osama Bin Laden did this" shortly after the first tower fell, presumably reiterating what he was hearing on the news and relaying to Howard and the crew. When and how did the world find out Osama and Al Qaeda organized the attack and how did they relay that information to news agencies? Side question where did the false claim that Hamas played a part in it which I'm assuming is what he or the news meant by Palestinians?

As someone pretty interested in Egyptology, I've been wondering this for a while, and different documentaries that discuss the library seem to contradict one another on this topic. Some say that if the library was preserved we would be living in a world 1,000 years ahead of where we are now (Technologically), while others say it would have done no more than allow present day historians to know what the extent of scientific knowledge was back then. I know there isn't really a definitive answer to this, but was the destruction of the texts inside really enough to curb the progression of science/ technology?

Did Hitler take over by force or persuasion? How did he come to power?

I never really get why samurai didnt used firearms because it was not honorable... but then they use bows??? i dont get the logic behind this. I know samurais started off as archers but still... they make the argument that it is not okay to kill a well trained samurai with a firearm from distance but it is ok to kill from distance with a bow? why? i mean both the rifle and the bow needs skill to use and hit the target accurately...

Were there any written plans for him? Would he have been tried at Nuremberg with the rest of the High Command? Or sim,ply shot on the spot.

I was reading through my textbooks and saw that they techniquelly helped but wanted to hear ur guys opinion

Did people get paychecks for doing their jobs? Did individuals pay for things like housing, food, utilities, medicine? Could/did individuals sell items to each other for money or pay each other to do odd jobs? Was personal banking a thing, or did people just store their money as cash at home?

I am looking for resources that take a comprehensive look at the uniforms used in the German militaries from 1850-1919. Colors, materials used, badge locations, units, etc... This could mean things such as Uniforms regulations form the time similar to our AR 670-1.This could be the German Empire, Prussians, Bavarians, etc... Illustrations would also be a great help.

Hi I am looking for true accounts of Native American history preferably written by indigenous people themselves but open to any suggestions of material that is widely accepted as a non white washed recollection. Thank you!

Hello,

I am looking for information about the losses of the 263 Rifle Division of the Red Army. I found in a forum the following information without sources reference:

"There are almost exactly the numbers from the Karelian Front's losses tables. Namely: [...] 263 Rifle Division - 1084 killed, 6 missing".

Can anyone confirm this information or give a source? Also, it is unclear what period it is - does anyone know where I can find information on losses from late 1943 / early 1944?

Thanks

​

//Translated

Did they just throw it in the trash, or was there some method of recycling?

Pretty much answer to whatever extent you like. Obviously depends on the culture and time, if we're looking at differences (as im sure suicidal ideation was as common across the board among the comparatively poor as it is today)? Idek that there can be professionals on this topic but if there are id probably be interested in most of your expertise so answer this however you like