Obviously the end of WW1 saw the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. I understand Egypt went through a period of quite liberal Democracy (to an extent), followed by turbulent dictatorship. What can be said about the rest of the Middle East (and North Africa - Arab states, basically)? I would also love if somebody could educate me further on Egyptian post-war politics.

I'm guessing it was controlled by the ottoman empire? But would they have considered themselves Ottoman, or arab, or what?

I know the Marian Reforms did away with the requirements to be land owning and purchase one's own equipment to be in the army, but did it instantly do away with the pre-marian style troops as well?

I have an odd fascination with the Civil War and the Battle of Gettysburg in particular. The 12,000 Rebel troops were said to have used the 'Rebel Yell' while advancing on the Union stronghold on the third day of fierce fighting. I'm just imagining myself being in the 2nd Vermont Brigade on that fateful day and watching 12,000 troops line up a mile away and charge towards me screaming their 'Rebel Yell'.

Were most swords roughly the length of the gladius, or are there examples of swords, say, the length of a medieval Longsword? Did the concept of a two-handed sword exist at that time, or was it restricted to the later periods of history?

Were African languages ever passed down through generations? If so, how long did they survive?

I understand that they compromised with the Hungarians but how were they able to run their empire with all the various groups involved?

On my drive home from work today, I suddenly realized that there were several years from the end of the Revolutionary War and the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, so I did a bit of research and ran into these "Articles of Confederation" I had never really heard about before. What was the federal government of the US like under the Articles? Who was "in charge" and how did they go about implementing or asserting federal governance or authority?

Within 100 years, Japan went from being an undeveloped agricultural society, to being an important world power. Why did they develop so quickly, when other nations have not?

Also, how does The fact that Japan was so recently undeveloped affect modern Japanese?

To what extent were tribes like the Lakota, Cherokee, or other descendants of the mound builders aware that part of their history?

Did these events or others reflect a "failure" of contemporary Islam and spur a re-thinking of the proper way to practice it? Also related, what are the philosophical and political roots of Salafism and Wahhabism?

Recommended reading related to this topic is greatly appreciated! (If you bring up Reza Aslan I'll be very disappointed)

When the USA was formed didn't the Americans want to as different from Britain as possible that's why there is American English why didn't the Americans change New York to like Texas before Texas was a place and then why didn't the British have more British names for Canada

Would the revolution have even happened if the sentiment had not been present?

Justinian closed the Egyptian temple at Philae during his reign, as well as chased out the Neoplatonist philosophers to Persia, so there were still some pagans left in mid-6th century. However how long this last and when were the last ones converted? I know some vestiges of their beliefs lived on in Christianity, but when were the last rites to Zeus, Jupiter or Amon-Ra performed? I read somewhere that some Maniots were still pagan in the 9th century.

I hear the historical nugget of Delaware actually being a part of Pennsylvania relatively often. Delaware consisted of the lower three counties of Pennsylvania until 1776 when it broke off ties with Pennsylvania and England simultaneously. I guess that this question has a lot to do with the historical conventions of how we consider what was and was not its own colony along with the practical differences. Delaware had its own legislature by 1701 but shared a governor with Pennsylvania over its entire colonial existence, is that enough to be considered merely an autonomous part of Pennsylvania? If so, should New Hampshire and New Jersey be considered part of Massachusetts and New York respectively when they shared governors?

This question came up during dinner and my mother speculated it might have gained popularity in the US during the Great Depression as a way to stretch a piece of meat, is there any truth to that?

title.

Inspired by watching a video recently where the person making it thought it was inappropriate to refer to the roman infantry at Zama as "legionaries".

Wiki also seems to think that it only refers to post-marian soldiers.

My limited googling says that "legionarius" simply means "of a legion".