Looking at christian history, you find many different hair styles, and none of them are like Jesus, who had long hair and long beard.
Actually, as you reach the modern era, you find long haired/bearded people actively discriminated against more and more by christians (think hippies)
How come christians believe in a long haired, long bearded messiah, yet dislike having such hair and beard themselves, and some of them actually consider these undesirable traits, worth discriminating against?
1 Answers 2021-07-20
Note that I'm talking about the Roman Empire before the fall of the Western half. This is also a more general version of my previous question regarding the Battle of Adrianople. I'm also aware that similiar questions have been answered before but they didn't really address my main confusion, unfortunately.
Essentially, what I'm wondering is this:
- all common estimates say that the late Roman Army was actually bigger than at any time during the early Principate or Republic, numbering some 400.000-650.000 men
- yet this doesn't really seem to fit together/add up with the knowledge we have of the battles fought in the late Roman time around the late 4th and early 5th century
Consider this:
- During the Republican times, even Senators like Crassus and of course also Caesar could field armies of incredible size: 35.000 men (Carrhae), 60.000+ men (Alesia), 80.000+ men (Cannae- despite losing tends of thousands just shortly before), or even 100.-200.000+ in total (Philippi).
- Yet in almost all battles the Romans fought in the 4th and 5th against various invaders from the north, their army was considerably smaller: Adrianople (15.-30.000), Faesulae (15.-20.000), even at the Catalaunian Plains (hard to tell, maybe 20.-40.000 Romans)
Now of course many common explanations are brought up: logistics prevented too large armies; the numbers might be sometimes exaggerated; the Romans were weakened by infighting; later on, they lost the African provinces; they had to defend their borders etc.
But even then, it seems hard to justify the really small size of the Roman Armies fielded in these battles when compared to two things: (1) the supposed absolute size of the Roman army (400-650k) and (2) the Roman armies during the Republic.
Especially when you also consider the following factors: the Roman Empire had much larger territories than the Roman Republic with more manpower reserves; many of these (North Africa, Spain e.g.) were also only barely threatened by invaders until the 5th century, meaning they didn't need many standing troops; the respective battles were really important (core provinces were attacked, plundered and threatened by the Goths at Adrianople or by Radagaius in Italy); the Romans often prepared for these major battles for many months (so it wasn't just an unprepared small force somewhere); the numbers availabe were already supplemanted by like 15-25%+ of Foederati (or even way more).
Another thing also just doesn't make sense: the lack of battles and the way in which the Roman Empire just let many things happen, like the sack of Rome or the invasions in 406. These seem to indicate that there were just barely any troops available.
Just look at this direct comparison: the Roman Republic, which controlled mostly Italy, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily could field 80.000 men at Cannae, yet the Roman Empire which controlled all of modern France, Spain, Italy, northern Africa, Egypt, Syria, Israel, Turkey, Greece, the balkans and other areas could barely scrape together 30.000 men at Adrianople?! Even if you consider all the possible reasons for this discrepancy (troops at the eastern border needed etc.), they should be more than made up for by the sheer size and power of the late Empire.
Something doesn't add up and indicates to me that there was a severe lack of manpower/lack of recruits, for a reason I don't quite understand.
1 Answers 2021-07-20
1 Answers 2021-07-20
Not sure if this is allowed to ask here but I'm genuinely curious: I've visited this sub a few times in the last year or so and the questions seem to be becoming increasingly specific, i.e. focused on a very tiny fragment of history, often something you have never thought about. This is of course interesting and legitimate etc.
Still, I feel like these types of questions get a lot more attention and gain more traction (upvotes, responses etc.) than all the "big history" or "big why" questions (which personally, I find more interesting, but that's just subjective of course).
13 Answers 2021-07-20
The Marshall Plan helped Western European countries with economic aid and to rebuild their infrastructure and industrial bases after WW2.
My question is why didn't countries in Asia like the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Indochina etc. didn't receive large amounts of aid from the US after WW2. Those countries where badly damaged and the people were suffering. So why didn't the US made a plan for that?
1 Answers 2021-07-20
Many American television shows and films show teenagers entering each other's bedrooms by climbing through second-story windows (A Nightmare on Elm Street in 1984, Heathers in 1989, Clarissa Explains It All in 1991-1994, Forrest Gump in 1994, Rushmore in 1998, and more recently Never Have I Ever and Ginny & Georgia, both in 2021). Usually it's for romantic purposes, though sometimes it's just for general mischief with a friend.
Is this purely a narrative device, or did/do a lot of American teenagers do this? Does it have anything to do with the architectural styles of American homes and the ease of climbing them? Is this even American at all?
1 Answers 2021-07-20
I'm sure this question has been asked many times, but I'm genuinely curious to know exactly how much knowledge Germany's allies had about the Holocaust. Moreover, did either Italy or Japan voice any opposition to Germany's policies during the Holocaust?
1 Answers 2021-07-20
Seems today everyone believes in something lol. Many people believe in crazy stuff like new world order and plans for mass depopulation.
Has this always been a thing? Or more recent?
What kind of conspiracies did people believe in, anything comparable to new world order typa thing?
Thanks:)
1 Answers 2021-07-20
I’ve always wondered why exactly the M4 Sherman’s had a tendency to burst into flames once hit by enemy tank shells. Hopefully, I can find some empirical data/information from you guys!
Was it due to the shell type of say the Panzer III’s (Like a high-velocity armour piercing) or maybe the poor stowage of shells in the M4 Sherman? From what I can theorize, it was due to the friction caused upon penetration, coupled with the poor stowage of the ammunition, is this correct?
I found an answer on Quora but I’m a bit hesitant to let that be the end-all to my inquiry.
Thanks to those who answer! 😄
2 Answers 2021-07-20
I know the first ascent was recorded being in the early 1900's, but are there any surviving records of someone at least attempting it? Perhaps to see if the God's were really there? Or was it more considered as taboo to even think of doing such a thing?
1 Answers 2021-07-20
1 Answers 2021-07-20
Hello, the title is the exact copy past of another post made more than 2 years ago but that basically got no answers, so I allowed myself to ask the question again because im highly interested in it. Like I understand in the very first days the tutsis were tricked into locations like stadiums and churches thinking the gov would protect them so basically hutus had no fear to have and could exit those places but tutsis stayed for protection so basically anyone there could get killed since it was by design all tutsis and that was a big part of the victims count. But concerning the tutsis that weren't inside those places, considering the fact that they now knew any hutu would want to kill them so showing your tutsi ID wasn't an option anymore, how would hutus identify tutsis without ID cards, was it like behavioral hints ? Or maybe their non biological physical appearance like the way they are dressed and their material belongings ? A combination of both ? Or is it those physical traits they talk about like noses and other biological physical appearance ? From what I know from my research online and from real life they talk a lot about the nose more than any other physical trait, even till today, is it true ? Were some tutsis already doomed because they couldn't change the way their face looked like ?
Also one of the reason im highly interested in this question is because all the time they talk about ID card showing tutsi on it so they got killed, but after a few days since the genocide started it was clear that anyone including the government was trying to kill you so it makes no sense for rational beings to show their ID just to die right after, yet, this genocide was massive with estimates stating that 80% of the total victim count was achieved by just one month after it started, if you take the 1 million victim estimate that would give you 800 000 victims in a month with almost all tutsis from the interior killed during this genocide, and I'm wondering how could they kill so many people just with ID cards alone, that seems so nonsensical, did they finished anyone that didn't have an ID on him/her ? I know that it's a small country very rural and stuff so you also had neighbours that would know you are a tutsi, but if you weren't anymore in your neighborhood/village, how was it possible to identify somebody that is supposed to look exactly like "your" people, as mentioned in the title, couldn't tutsis pass themselves as hutus ?
Btw im not questionning the fact that id cards weren't a reason for why tutsis were killed, im just saying it seems weird you can kill almost all of them with cards alone, i never questioned that fact in my post actually but im just putting this disclaimer here just in case, never know.
Sorry for the long question/post.
2 Answers 2021-07-19
Are there any major flaws with his research or how he portrays events?
1 Answers 2021-07-19
So the idea revolves around an older, wealthy woman of some power and her man servant. The story would involve them both joining the Home Guard, but with his army background meaning that in their unit, he now outranks her, with the tension of the change in power being the driver of the narrative.
Obviously, I'm taking certain liberties here, but is any of it completely implausible, or, not enitrely respectful?
If anyone is knowledgeable about the Home Guard, I'd love to hear any stories or details. Thanks!
2 Answers 2021-07-19
It seems to be fairly well established that from roughly the middle of the 12th century until the beginning of the 14th, Swedish power in the area of modern Finland grew and expanded eastwards until the whole area west of Viborg had fallen under Swedish rule. But the specifics of this expansion seem fraught with controversy and debate, and amongst it all it is difficult to get a clear picture of how most historians view that political development.
To what extent was the expansion violent? Most traditional depictions seem to lean towards "very", but I've found other works that argue that some local landowners and political leaders may have supported the expansion of the Swedish political system and welcomed it as a way to advance their standing. Presumably with eastern groups like the Karelians having a similar relationship to Novgorod.
How christian were the various groups living in Finland prior to the so called crusades? Here most traditional depictions and primary sources agree that the enemies of the Christian Swedes were pagans who were defeated and the country was made Christian. But that seems like an overly simple interpretation, particularly in light of the criticism that has been levied against a clear cut Christian-Pagan dichotomy by people like Anders Winroth (2012).
What was the character of the Swedish colonization of Finnish coastal areas and how extensive was it? This particularly seems like a contentious topic, considering its connections to later social conflict between Swedish-speakers and Finnish-speakers during the Grand Duchy of Finland and the current social and political climate of the country. How was this colonization conducted? Was it mostly done on the initiative of individuals and families, or, as one article I read suggested, a venture sponsored by the Swedish crown and church, shipping in colonists in large boats? To what extent did the settlers displace the locals? Sawyer (1993) depicts Uuismaa/Nyland as depopulated following the second Swedish crusade, but that seems a bit extreme.
Finally, what literature should I look into to further my knowledge of the topic? I know Swedish and English, I wish I knew Finnish but as of the present, I do not.
1 Answers 2021-07-19
The idea of the Schlieffen Plan was to knock out 1 enemy and then deal with the other, I was wondering why Germany did not consider Russia to do so instead of France. I can see multiple major advantages:
I understand that Russia was probably much harder to invade especially quickly than France, but I was just wondering about why this never gets discussed.
PS: This is my first post on any history sub and I am a history fan(amateur too), I was just curious about this while reading about the July Crisis. Please forgive me if I have made any errors in my statements
1 Answers 2021-07-19
Also, was there any “ick factor” to be overcome at first? Any popular alternatives besides sealing wax?
1 Answers 2021-07-19
I seriously doubt that Apartheid ended simply because international sanctions heated up. I'm sure sanctions played a role, but we seldom hear about the internal politics of South Africa in the final years of Apartheid. Who were the multiple factions involved, and what actually brought the Apartheid government to the table with the African National Congress? Why did Mandela become the opposition leader? Why was South Africa involved in a war with its neighbors at the time?
1 Answers 2021-07-19
At the very least, there's usually one Italian- and one Polish-sounding name. Sometimes it goes so far as having Privates Kowalski, DiNicolo, and Beaudine all in the same squad with Sergeant Ortega, under the command of Captain O'Hoolihan. Would this have been common, or is it writers' shorthand for showing off the ol' melting pot? Just how diverse (for a segregated military, anyway) was the typical American unit?
And, a related question, were certain groups more represented in certain branches or roles? I can see Jewish and Chinese Americans wanting to fight the Germans and Japanese in particular, and perhaps enlisting in the Army (Europe) or Navy/Marines (Pacific) to get a shot at them.
1 Answers 2021-07-19
All the books or tv series I have seen about the American Civil War depict McClellan as a poor and indecisive leader. Is this assessment fair or is it an overstatement? What do military historians generally think of him? Thanks
2 Answers 2021-07-19
On a recent appearance on The Jacobin Show in celebration of Bastille day, the philosopher Slavoj Žižek defended the legacy of the French Revolution, particularly the radical side of it under the leadership of Montagnards such as Robespierre and Saint-Just. Žizek criticizes the commonplace liberal interpretation of the revolution as something that began with good intentions but eventually descended into madness and proto-totalitarianism, offering a more positive view of the experience of the revolution as a whole. However, he confidently makes a lot of rather straightforward empirical claims to back up this point, which I am somewhat skeptical of. How accurate is Žižek being here?
Summing up his major factual claims:
1 Answers 2021-07-19
It's not until late and post war that the Royal Navy would receive newer strike aircraft such as Firefly, Firebrand or Sea Fury. What cause the delaying of these aircraft ?
2 Answers 2021-07-19
We often hear of Norse settlers converting to Christianity, but I've never come across anything that indicates that it also worked the other way around. I don't doubt that there were probably opportunistic individuals to converted to gain favor with the Norse. But are there any mentions of large portions of the Anglo-Saxon population in Danelaw, like potentially whole villages, converting?
This is all presuming that there were Anglo-Saxons to convert, I would also be curious to hear if maybe we don't have mentions of this because many of them fled to neighboring kingdoms.
1 Answers 2021-07-19