Grapes don't just grow anywhere. Without access to local vineyards, what did early missionaries do for the Eucharistic wine? Were there official or semi-official policies on this?

I'm thinking where both sides were fairly evenly matched as in WWI, and not one side with better technology, weapons and tactics overall than the other.

Did the Romans for example discuss the potential consequences for the species they drove extinct.

Hello, r/AskHistorians

I'm a sophomore studying environmental activism and policymaking. Next semester, I'm doing an independent study with a professor on environmental history. I want to cover everything, from the beginning to the present. But, in the interest of depth, I'm going to split the course into two semesters. For the first one, I want to look at world history up until about the 15h century. I'm looking for books that look at history through an environmental lens. This is what I've come across so far:

• A New Green History of the World, by Clive Ponting.
• The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, by Kenneth Pomeranz
• Ecological Imperialism, by Alfred Crosby
• Guns, Germs, and Steel, by Jared Diamond
• Nature and Power: A Global History of the Environment, by Joachim Radkau

Any advice as to which of these on the list I should read, and which I should toss? Also, are there any books I missed?

Thanks in advance!

Was there any knowledge of the camps among fighting soldiers? Did they know full on, or were they maybe only a rumour?

Was there an attempt to hide this continental heritage? Was prestige attached to English names? Did these people fabricate English heritage to appeal to the ruling class?

I want a in depth, valid answer. Not "aliens did it" or some stupid answer like that. So why did the Mayans disappear centuries before the Europeans came?

Especially after the Schlieffen Plan was implemented in WWI.

Was this because of institutionalized rape by white men? Or adoption of white children by Native groups?

Was there ever an initiative to "whiten" Native Americans ethnically? Not through cultural change, but through forced marriage.

This spring I will be teaching a course on European social history from 1300-1800. I am looking to assign two monographs in addition to primary source texts. I have most of these lined up, but I am inquiring as to whether anyone here has ideas for easily digestible monographs about European social history north of the Alps, preferably after 1500, but it doesn't need to be. I am well acquainted with late medieval social history, and have an idea about some possibilities for the early modern component of the course, but I thought I'd through this out the the readers of this subreddit.

I want the book to have a fun premise. Something along the lines of Montaillou, but more current and not fundamentally flawed in its methodology. I am interested topics such as witchcraft, material culture, gender, religious conversion whatever.

Wikipedia says:

As many as a million people (probably 1 in 5 of the Gauls) died, another million were enslaved, 300 clans were subjugated and 800 cities were destroyed during the Gallic Wars. During Julius Caesar's campaign against the Helvetii (present-day Switzerland) approximately 60% of that nation was destroyed, and another 20% was taken into slavery.

Of course none of that is cited.

I recall reading that a cotemporary Roman source claimed Caesar's forces killed 3 million Gauls, but that was likely a significant exaggeration.

What is the truth?

I had to do a presentation next week on this topic but the text book only says about how they improved the silk road and I felt that's not enough.

The first members came from Vladimir the Great in Kievan Rus right? How did Scandinavians come to join the Guard? Why did the Byzantine Emperor hire Anglo-Saxons in the 11th century?

Hi there!

I am looking for any good sources on theories of hybridity, transculturation, and indigenization - especially readings that are seminal, that are new and game-changing, or that offer definitions of the differences between these terms.

This is for an article on Indigenous adaptations/adoptions of European material culture, so it's influenced by history and postcolonial studies.

Many thanks!

Since the end of the second world war Allied powers began to relinquish their control on overseas colonies in Africa,Asia and the Caribbean . I know that there was communist puppet states in Cuba Laos and China etc.. My question is that was there any communist/social uprising in Africa as this continent never gets much attention in world history lessons. Was there any sort of socialist leaning towards the far left governments in place during this time as I would love to know more about this time in history ? Much appreciated to anyone who can answer this question

From 1908(Post Free-State) to Congolese independence, if possible.

My son has discovered an affinity for history and social sciences, but I'm really not sure of the employment opportunities, or really even the fields of work that pay well for all you folks. What the hell do you guys do for money?

Hi! I'm a college student majoring in history and I have a job that enables me to listen to podcasts and audiobooks while at work, and so I'm looking for any recommendations that people here may have. If you have a book that doesn't have an audiobook, but you just really love anyway, feel free to post that here, too! I'm not against reading, I just really want things to keep me sane at work.

I have a really wide and somewhat deep base of knowledge in the area of western history, and while I'm not necessarily against learning more about western history, I'm also looking to diversify and learn more about eastern history--primarily Chinese and Japanese. That said, other Asian histories wouldn't necessarily be uninteresting.

Thanks in advance! And if it doesn't go without saying, being well-written and entertaining is... a plus. To say the least.