For the years that the Holy Roman Empire existed, Rome, the city which spawned the empire that was the namesake of the Holy Roman Empire fell out of the sphere of control of the Holy Roman Empire. How and why did this come to pass?

never got an answer, hoping someone may have some insight

Like, say, creating a Duke of Maryland, or an Earl of New York. Seems like it'd be the usual thing to do, but I can't recall hearing of it. Land grants were handed out, but no titles to go with them - it would've especially made sense in the case of someone like William Penn, where you'd almost expect at least a Baronetcy to be granted.

15 century if date is key, if not, give me what you have.

Thanks in advance.

Followup: Were there competing 'schools' of scholasticism, or alternative philosophies of education?

Japan only have Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, which is a part of their land forces, and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, which is a part of their navy. So they only function to support land/naval battles.

Why didn't they develop a separate Air Forces like the German Luftwaffe? Especially considering their air units are developed along the line of the German. What was their strategy?

I'm speaking about the masculine/feminine nature of objects like tables or chairs, and German's use the article ein/eine

I read some claims by Christian apologists that most Bible scholars think the story of the empty tomb in the New Testament is historical.
Do most historians specializing in that time think so?

How did these analyses change from the late 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and through the the 1980s?

Given the information available today, how accurate were NATO and the WP analyses of each other during the cold war?

Are there any known examples of where a first strike (conventional or nuclear) was seriously considered by either the WP or NATO?

Just in terms of curriculum and intensity, what could one expect to be the differences between a c.a. 1900 London or other urban English primary school and a c.a. 1800 primary school? Were there any shifts in the weight of certain classes (like maybe a shift away or towards the study of economics, just spitballing) or were there any trends in education around the turn of the 19th century that did not follow through to the 20th? Apologies if this is too broad a question (it definitely is broad).

Topics:

• Eucharist: specifically the Real Presence and the function of the Eucharist

• Mary: praying to her, her sinlessness, etc.

• Saints: praying to them, adopting patron saints

• Christus Victor: as opposed to the later development of looking at sin and Jesus' death/resurrection as "payment" for our "debt"

• Other: icons, justification, sanctification

Clarifications:

• I'd prefer Ante-Nicene Fathers (so up to 325 CE), but anything is acceptable

• Also please list specific writings of the Fathers, rather than just their name

• Feel free to explain WHY the Father/writing was influential

Basically, was succession/legitimacy of the imams the main cause for conflict in this time, or was it more due to the political/ideological fragmentation inherent in the rapid expansion of Islam?

This quip pops up pretty consistently when discussing, life, the universe, everything, and etc. Have historians ever tried to give it serious scrutiny? What was their conclusion?

If they did make the attempt, how did they deal with the obvious, almost tautological, problems with the question? How does one define 'war' and 'technological advancement'? How does one select a sample that is not a) ridiculously narrow, given the scope of human history, or b) ridiculously broad, given the limitations of a human life span.

This is essentially two questions.

1. Was the "race" of Romans anything like the people in Italy today?

2. Did the Romans speak Latin with "Italian accents"?

I'm curious because I want to know how to accurately depict Ancient Romans.