The Wikipedia article is incredibly incoherent on this matter and I have been left very confused.

From what I’ve gathered there seemed to have been some Tablets dating to the 18th century BCE. They were referred to as a „combined epic“.

Is that combined epic the story which we know from the 12 tablets or the five original poems which are according to Britannica :

“Gilgamesh and Huwawa,” “Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven,” “Gilgamesh and Agga of Kish,” “Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld,” and “The Death of Gilgamesh.”

Then I saw that there’s apparently a standard Babylonian version, but the datings I saw ranged from 1600 to 600 BCE.

Could anyone perhaps clear this up?

Also, I have one question in detail. The Tablet that I’ve taken particular interest in is Tablet 9, because I find it’s story very fascinating. Does anyone know when the earliest version of tablet 9 came into being?

I was watching Gladiator and the opening scene shows a battle between the roman army and a germanic tribe, and i was wondering how soldiers back then, especially foot soldiers and cavalry, handle such gruesome, violent, man to man warfare ? Today warfare has evolved to the point where soldiers rarely face or even see each other, and yet the negative effects of war on psychology are notorious. How did men back then handle having to go through regular bloodbaths and keep going at it ? Surely a large portion of them must have lost their mind after one or two battles ?

Are there any books or other resources that analyze how socioeconomic class and classism came into play during World War One, particularly when it comes to the daily lives of servicemen and the difference between the experiences of officers and soldiers?

If this is too meta or already been answered please remove! I’ve always just wondered.

This might be a very stupid question, but I have always wondered

[SPOILER ALERT] In the end of All Quiet on the Western Front, when the final battle ends, French and German soldiers walk through the same trench, generally not paying attention to one another and gone from fighting to the death, to existing in the same space in a non-emotional work mode. Did this sort of thing happen? I know in WWI soldiers of opposing sides had less personal feelings against each other in this war, but noticing them being neutral towards each other as soon as a battle was called off was interesting to me. Fact, or movie dramatization?

Thinking about TJs position of power granting him slaves despite his “hideous blot” description he gave made me wonder if this was an isolated event in history, as slavery has been around long before the founding fathers came into the picture. So was Jefferson the only one who did this, or were there others who are less known? I’m aiming more for before his time than after but I’ll appreciate any answer given

Any recommendations for firsthand accounts on the Teutonic Order or the Knights Templar? I am thoroughly enjoying William of Tyre’s history on the crusades right now.

Earlier this year, I randomly came upon Robert A. Gross' new book "The Trancendentalists and Their World" at the library. It was very long and dense, but I found this approach to writing about history completely fascinating. Writing about important large-scale changes in American society but via the lens of reconstructing the experiences of ordinary people. I gather that it is called "social history." Outside of the books by Gross, are there any other Americanist writers out there worth reading that use this approach?

I'm writing an essay about the effects of social expectations of masculinity on men in the US. I'm planning to break down the terms "masculinity" and "femininity" to commonly associated traits like; physical strength, expression of emotion, cooperation/competitiveness, ect.

I assumed it would be useful to have at least a basic understanding of the history of what we now associate with gender roles came to be. From the information I know right now it seems to have some roots in the idea of the "atomic family," and other similar marketing used in the past few hundred years.

So, people who know a lot about history, do you guys have any good leads I could follow that might help me? (I don't necessarily need anything specific, just a direction I could go to research more!)

I am thinking that possibly it was just foreign?

The USSR recruited Americans to try to obtain military secrets in the 1940s. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were the most well known, but the network was broader than just them. The Rosenberg spy network and others provided thousands of classified documents and some physical items to the USSR during and after World War 2, including a trove of documents related to the Manhattan Project among others. In 1949 the USSR detonated its first atomic weapon.

Would the USSR have eventually developed nuclear weapons without the information provided by the Rosenbergs and others? How much did the US classified information help them?

So I’ve done a bit of reading on the thirty years war recently, not much, but enough to realize that the German Speaking Provinces in the Holy Roman Empire lost nearly 50% of their entire population, nearly 9 million. That’s higher than even German Losses in WW1 or WW2. I know both sides used mercenaries during it, which didn’t have proper supply chains so they plundered the towns of German.

But why 50% how was that possible in the 17th century and how many Germans approximately would be here if it never happened?

À tous les historiens estimés,

I am trying to identify possible hiking routes to follow the path taken by Napoleon from France into Italy, within Italy, and back. I am am aware that there were multiple campaigns, the one of greatest interest is the War of the Second Coalition.

My problem is, while I am able to find many sources talking in general terms with some big, curving arrows, I have not been very good at finding records detailed enough to make a hiking plan.

I realize that truly perfect records are not always available, but I would appreciate any guidance to the most accurate and detailed sources possible.

I am grateful for any places to start, but if you have a choice, some things are more doable than others.

Books and other printed material are preferred. I find reading the old handwritings very difficult.

English and German are easiest. I can read Russian too, although I am guessing that there will be more about the Italian Campaigns in the first two languages. It would be a lie to say that I read French, but if there really is nothing else, I can sort of muddle through and piece together the basics.

Things that I can read at home are easiest( but I am based in Berlin if you know of libraries or archives nearby that I could visit. I could go to France or somewhere else not too far away at some point for something important that I couldn’t get at home.

Thank you!

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Let's say I never paid attention in History class because I had other interests as a young person.

But now that I've gained some perspective on the world, I'd like to go back and learn about history, from A-Z as it were. Only starting from say the earliest civilizations. The Akkadian Empire?

I'm an American, so I'm most familiar with western civilizations but I'm interested in everything.

What are some good books?

Good sources for online lectures? Coursera? Any specific classes?

I'm looking into local colleges, but options for non-degree seeking people are limited.

For example, did one need to go to a dedicated school for jesters? Or perhaps kings just went around hiring people they found funny?

Also, in Crusader Kings II and Crusader Kings III, assigning anyone as a court jester gives them an opinion malus with you. Was the job of court jester seen as that undesirable?

People arrived in the Americas about 13-15000 years ago from what I've seen. Presumably, this means there were already other civilizations in existence that they had migrated from. I assume these civilizations continued to exist after the emigration of some of them to America, and it seems like they would know that their kin had emigrated to the next continent over. So at what point did the knowledge of the people who'd been living there get forgotten to the point where no one remembered the continent existed?

I’m currently reading ‘The Closing of the Western Mind’ by Charles Freeman, and in the aftermath of the war between Octavian and Marc Antony & Cleopatra it is mentioned that Octavian made Egypt his personal province. What exactly does that entail? Does it mean that the entire province essentially becomes his private property? Does he tax the province for personal gain? Would he have appointed a governor to act as ‘property manager’?

Trench warfare I understand has been a known practice in warfare for hundreds of years, maybe not working the same way or for the same reason each time, but it's very handy. I'd like to know if there were instances of trench warfare closer to what we see in WW1 or the American Civil War during the Seven Years War, and if not, what was the most common type of combat during this period?