Some nations and regions have seen unusually large shifts in the terrirtory they occupy.

For example Poland shifted from west to east and then back, the region of burgundy made a complex journy around central europe

I realise that all states are subject to this to some degree, but I am looking for some other outstanding examples.

I am looking for instances were a nation/region actually "relocated" partly, rather than just shrink or expand.

Was Japan considered an ally at that point? Did they consider themselves lucky?

So I was thinking well I was working last night (delivery guy) where and when did American culture embrace Friday night pizza?

Reading a book about world politics, I found a lot of references to the Thirty Years War and the peace that ended it and how it influenced the idea of state sovereignty. Is the treaty so important? And if so, what were the underlying causes of the conflict it preceded that made it so significant?

So, say there was a king has 3 sons. They would be princes, correct? And if that king died and his firstborn took the throne, would his brothers still be considered princes? If that king had children, and then died would the uncles of the current king be counted as princes still? I understand this question likely differs between countries (and language issues, such as the difference between the words Prinz and Fürst in German, for example) but I am not sure I understand how the term "prince" worked for historical kingdoms.

I'd be even more interested in blogs written by flaired users.

I've been looking for a solid compilation (a monography, or an encyclopedia) on pre-modern weapons and warfare.

Can you recommend a book or two to me?

The scope I'm looking for is rather broad. I.e.:

• Date range: 4000BC - 1700AD
• The scope should include weapons all around the world (in fact, exotic weapons are welcome).
• Not interested in firearms (only cold weapons)

These are what I'm looking for:

• A book on evolution of warfare (i.e. weapon advantages, tactics, and such - to understand the basic underlying principles)
• A book full of images/illustrations of weapons (important, as I'm intending to use these as art references)

Besides the Antikythera mechanism and the Maine Penny, both of which seem to have plausible explanations, are there any other anomalous artifacts that historians and archaeologists accept as highly unusual? Besides the usual suspects like The Baghdad Battery and The Dorchester Pot which are questionable at best?

Edit for clarification: Are there any anomalous artifacts whose authenticity and date are not in question?

With thousands of miles, the Royal Navy and the Atlantic ocean separating them, were there any practical plans for Germany to support Mexico in a potential war against the USA?

I best Idea I can think of is WW1 U-boat support, the rest being diplomat and perhaps monetary "support"

I'm a little informed on the topic but would love to always learn more!

In math, these are six of the great unsolved problems of mathematics. Are there comparable historical problems?

Let me first off state that I am a huge fan of Dan Carlin. None the less, I still find errors in his stories that even an amateur can object to. In Blueprint for Armageddon III Dan states that Hitler rescued a mortally wounded German officer by running into no-man's land under intense gun fire and throwing him onto his back. I can't find any source on the matter however. Can anyone back Dan up on this up?

I have read about Hitler's WWI military career and know he received an Iron Cross. However, I'm wondering if anyone can verify this claim.

I'm trying to create a setting in a time period based on the early Renaissance and I need some help figuring out what the architecture, art, markets, technology, general population, etc. were like. If any of you can help me figure some of this stuff out or give me some inspiration as to what things would be like I would be very appreciative. Thank you all in advance for any help you all give.

Economic in terms of, munitions, fighter planes, and tanks cost, and whether or not the use of the bomb was to stop them spending to much money on these things. Also the drain of manpower having so many people in the army and not spending in a capitalist country. this does not include the cost of creating the two bombs. As in the use of the atomic bombs in the war, as a weapon against Japan and a way to win the war faster, and prevent damage to the American economy.

Edit: clarification

So say we have a fully suited up knight, all ready to go to battle, when he is hit by the sudden urge to take a dump.

Would his armor have flaps? Could the bottom be easily removed? Or did he just poop his armor?

So I've read that the Romans may have sent expeditions down the western coast of Arabia and up the Nile, and everyone knows about their wars with the Parthians/Sassanids in the east and "barbarian" tribes in the North. So my question is, were there any Roman expeditions further down the west coast of Africa? If not, why, and conversely, if they did, why did they not incorporate those areas into the empire?

According to the book "Lawrence in Arabia" by Scott Anderson the French government was very adamant about ending the war in control of Syria. Is there any specific reason (aside from colonization) they wanted Syria in particular(cultural reasons/ resources/ect)?