And under what circumstances would they have carried on?

Even if someone knew a professor that would be well informed at some university who I could contact via email that would be fantastic.

My understanding at this point is that they joined the Axis to avoid getting invaded, then when Russia was at the point of invading them they surrendered, but were forced to keep fighting by the Germans. Is there any truth to this? Or is that fairly baseless?

In the Age of Sail, boarding actions was as I can determine pretty common but the sailors was usually recruited with only a verbal resume of their skills and new sailors had to be recruited from landsmen.

So how did they get their combat training? Did they learn from experience, train with the marines or was it arranged by officers?

If I am not mistaken, non-Muslims are exempt from Zakat, an obligatory Muslim tax, but they have to pay Jizya, the rate of which has not been set.

One side says that the money is used to protect and provide for the non-Muslims, militarily, infrastructure, etc.

Another view is that it is a way to financially pressure non-Muslims into converting.

Historically, how has the idea of Jizya turned out?

Are the reasons for what Liberia is now grounded in the history of its begining?

Did it have any notable or official support back in the United States?

Were there attempts at organized nation building? such as the formation of a congress or constitution similar to the beginnings of the USA?

What reasons led to the lack of success in Liberia, especially considering the condition it is in now, and could it have been possible to build a Nation with what they had at the time? I imagine an African State built with laws and systems similar to those of an Early USA

As I understand it, absentee landlordism was a big thing in Ireland, with British landlords owning most of the land (and being absent from it, caring only about the yearly profit) and Irish tenants working it. Was land siezed by the state and distributed to the tenants after Ireland became independent?

I've been trying to produce a poopoo history of the HRE for my own benefit, but after the treaties of Verdun and Meerssen I'm stuck on why the two remaining (strong) pieces of the Frankish Empire evolved into such different beasts. If there is a good reason why this happened, then to me it seems that factor would be one of the most important hinges in world history.

I've heard this from friends, teachers, and professors, but never really seen any evidence aside from the fact that some portraits look similar side by side. Are there any well supported theories that prove or disprove this?

From what I understand, Jews in Arab countries were persecuted after the first Arab/Israeli war.

Could Zionists have predicted the backlash that Jews in Arab countries would have faced? Could it have been an additional reason why the ideal place for the state was "Palestine"?

In Russell Spurr's "A Glorious Way to Die" I read a Damage Control officer's account of running by a store clerk passed out dead drunk with a bottle of Johnny Walker Black Label in between his legs minutes before the Yamato went under. Similarly, the author notes that the helmsman, a veteran of the Russo-Japanese war, drank a pint of Scotch before going into battle.

I've always thought of the Japanese forces as being highly disciplined, to point of being beaten by officers and NCOs for minor infractions. Was the culture of alcohol consumption before battle always present in the IJA/IJN or was it a last ditch effort to give soldiers and sailors some liquid courage?

Was a Penal Colony and small settlements the only action taken? or was there any large colony or even nation building efforts done to claim and populate such an enormous amount of land?

They obviously had no common language or even gestures. How were they able to communicate?

So, let's say that I'm a comedian in Nazi Germany, I'm sarcastic by nature and like to use references in my humor so I say an off hand joke about Hitler (say referencing his mustache). Ignoring that I'm in a society that's marbled by people who actively support Hitler and those whom are ambivalent about him, what's the most I could joke without getting arrested?

Apologies with the "I'm a X in Y" but I'm more interested in how far I could joke in Nazi Germany without getting arrested.

I took a history course last year and i remember the prof (Really educated and wise historian) Told us that Armenia is not the first state to adopt Christianity as state religion but this title belongs to kingdom ????? which was in southern turkey today and adopted Christianity as state religion around 190 AD(around this time). do you know name of the kingdom or any article online about it?

Thanks in advance for your help

P.S. i am agnostic atheist with Muslim cultural background and just interested in history. :) Edit: Name of the kingdom is edessa, just remembered it.