I noticed Edward "Longshanks" Plantagenet is called Edward 1st despite being preceded by Edward the Elder, Edward the Martyr, and Edward the Confessor. At first I thought maybe the numbering of Kings was a Norman convention, but we have Harald II at the end of Saxon rule.

Was there an official proclamation restarting the numbers with William the Conqueror? If not, was there any controversy or discussion of the issue when Longshanks was crowned?

In some of the earliest photographs from the late 19th/early 20th centuries (and in some daguerreotypes earlier than that), most people are pictured with straight, stoic faces. These days, however, it's normal to smile for all photographs, even formal ones for informational purposes.

How did this begin? When did this start? Or has it always been this way, and we're merely overlooking it?

How likely is another plague, another world war? Is this a case of confirmation bias or are we just 'flawed' in such a way that we overcompensate for progress. I'm referring to how progress (e.g vaccination, societal tolerance for differences) is very easily reverted.

Since they had them, and to them this was Götterdämmerung, why didn't the Nazi leadership use gas attacks in the defense of Berlin at the end?

An article I read recently mentioned Japan specifically as a country that had a major role in defeating Kaiser Wilhelm II. How accurate is that?

Also, What happened to the Island City afterwards?

I have a vague understanding of the background leading up to the war, and a fairly decent idea of the conduct of the war itself (I'm a nearly graduated Middle Eastern Studies student and my time at Defense Language Institute learning Arabic included a number of papers on the Iran-Iraq War), but some of my most recent reading (Guardians of the Revolution by Ray Takeyh) seems to imply that the Khomeini was intentionally provoking Saddam and trying to get a reaction out of him that would give casus belli for spreading Islamic revolution. I understand the whole dynamic of Iraq being 60+% Shi'a under Sunni rule during Saddam's reign, but if Iran thought they needed to spread their version of Islam into Iraq why didn't they just declare war? I'm a terrible International Relations student.

How can it be contested that serfs answered to a lord who answered to a king?

How accurate is the history channel documentary "The world wars?" A lot of it sounded theatrical, however I don't have enough in-depth knowledge to know for sure. Are the minor details accurate?

I've been accepted to a military MD program in the United States, which got me thinking about this question! What was military medicine like in Ancient Rome? Were treatment rates high? Were there any special military medical schools? Did the army train and sign a service contract with its physicians in exchange for special benefits, like the US does?

How much of a part did the B2(?) rocket play in this quest, or did it create the quest?

I assume it has always been mostly a Jewish area of study because the law only impinges on Jews. But have there been Christian/Muslim scholars who also studied Talmud? I remember that the translators of the King James Bible knew Hebrew, is it so outlandish to think that some Christians would have read/studied it as well?

Current English population: >50 million Current Scottish population: >5 million

In 1800s English population: 7 million Scottish population: 1.6 million

What accounts for this huge population discrepancy? Is this solely due to climate as Scotland is north of England?

So, I was wondering, the state of the Teutonic Order was created by land concessions of the Polish Kings to the Knight's Headmasters? Anyone well-versed in their history is welcome to post everything, from the dawns of the Order to their fall. Thanks in advance.

Right after World War II, after the Russians had rolled over the Germans, why didn't they give Germany back to the Germans? Didn't they want to have as much land and power as possible?

Were there fights between ships for days and days? Did ships use sneaky tactics like the do in the film? Were there children on ships? Were commanders treated in the same way by their crews? Would ships have orders to hunt down a single boat?_