How was Julius Caesar able to invest the Gauls at Alesia with two rings of walls in so little time without being attacked?

While I’m aware that the Romans and their engineers are renowned for their efficiency and ingenuity, building 25 miles of walls and towers in a month while surrounding a numerically superior enemy far from Rome just seems logistically impossible. How did Caesar’s men simultaneously contain the Gauls and complete this Herculean building project which must have badly depleted their available fighting strength? Where did they get the massive quantities of tools, nails, ropes, and other supplies necessary for the task? I’ve heard that Roman camps were sometimes prefabricated and moved from site to site; did Caesar do something similar here?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Septimius Severus

Currently relistening to the History of Rome Podcast by Mike Duncan, on Alexander Severus currently. Personally I believe Severus was one of the main contributing factor to the continued decline and eventual destruction of the Western Roman Empire. The standard he set for paying off the troops was a horrible decision. I don't even know why he wanted to be emperor, he did not have the temperament or forward thinking needed, or maybe he just wasn't a very self aware person. Thoughts?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

The Sumerian king list contains a single woman as ruler, a former alewife called Kubaba. Do we know how this was interpreted by Ancient Mesopotamian societies? And what significance did an alewife have?

To be clear when I ask about the "significance" of alewives I'm wondering both what they actually were in Mesopotamian society and how other people would see the role. Would it be read as a rags to riches type story or was alewife a prominent job socially?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

How long did it take for the US to develop a distinctive ‘American’ accent?

I’ve noticed in films set in the early days of the USA, that all the characters have distinctively American accents even though many of them may have been only first or second generation migrants. How quickly was what we understand as an American accent today established?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Writing a story based in Britannia

(I asked this in r/history, but apparently you're not allowed/supposed to do research there, so I'm hoping I can get some information here.)

Hello,

I feel a bit silly for not thinking about this sooner, but I'll try to make up for it now.

I am the proud author of a self-published work based in (an alternate) late Roman Republic, and I'm currently in the process of writing the second book, which is heavily based in Britannia. As such, I would like to ask for this subreddit's help.

What are some things I should know when writing this story? I know that's very broad, but that's kind of the point, I want as many answers as possible.

What do I need to know about the Briton tribes?

What do I need to know about their religion/gods?

What about culture? Weather? How the Britons fight? How their government works? What do they eat? So on and so forth.

I do know a bit, but I want to make sure I can fill in the gaps as much as possible.

My story also spends time in (recently conquered) Gaul, so information on the Gauls is also greatly appreciated.

All in all, I just want to write this story to be as historical accurate as possible and build a real world that my readers can really picture and fall into.

So, if anything I really should know, or any fun little tidbit of information that you think would add to a story based in these locations or this time period, I'd love to hear it.

Thank you all kindly for your time.

2 Answers 2021-03-09

How did the trope of nuclear material glowing bright green get started, when that's not actually how nuclear material behaves in real life?

Movies and cartoons often depict radioactivity as a green glow, most famously in the opening credits to the simpsons. Where did this start?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

India and Indians have been united since the Mauryas. Yet why did Indians especially sepoys help foreigners (Britishers) conquer their own countrymen?

India has been one country since the time of Ashoka yet Indians helped Britishers conquer their own countrymen? Why was that?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

The Difference Between Maya Architecture and Aztec Architecture?

I am very interested in comparing the architecture between these two civilizations. It seems they are both famous for having these pyramid structures, and to me they seem largely similar. So what is the difference between these two civilizations in their architecture?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Ive got kind of a 3 per question here. Were cults in North America an “era”? And if so, why did they start in the 60’s and stop after the 90’s? And lastly if it wasn’t an era why are there so many famous ones for then and none now?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

I have read that military officers in the 18th century had servants (batmen) on campaign who amongst other things took care of their uniforms. Did officer cadets also have servants while they were undergoing their training or were they expected to take care of their own belongings?

If officer cadets were expected to take care of their own belongings, then who showed these young men from (presumably) noble families how to clean, wash, iron, and possibly mend clothing? Was this included in their military training?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Did colonising countries recognise the impact of disease on native populations?

So let's take New Zealand or America as an example. Did the governor's or the government in charge of administering the new colonies recognise the disastrous consequences of introducing European populations, with all the diseases that they carried, to the new world? Was it ever used offensively, like that urban legend of pox covered blankets, to subdue native populations? Or was this something that was unnoticed and happened out of sight of the administration?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Did the leading Christian thinkers in 19th century America approve or disprove of capitalism?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

In WWII, most large bombers featured twin, H-shaped, tails. Why were these popular in aviation design, and why did they fall out of favour for subsonic use?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

What happened to all the original English aristocrats when the Norman lords conquered England in 1066? Where did they go? Were they just killed off? Did any retain power? Did many remain loyal to the family of King Harold? Were many absorbed into the court of William?

Just wondering how this worked...

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Documentation of La Malinche

I've been absolutely fascinated by La Malinche recently - are there any documents of any kind that record her own thoughts about her circumstances, or is it all just guessing, based on what we know about her actions and how the Spanish and Aztec records depict her? (I know there's not a lot of documentation from anything that long ago, but she was so integral to that part of history... it's really a shame if there's nothing at all.)

1 Answers 2021-03-09

How happy were people during the renaissance?

To me, it seems depicted as a period of flourishing of arts and culture, people were rich and enlightened and all that. Did they have any serious socioeconomic or political issues ongoing? Or were people generally satisfied like depicted? Sorry if this is vaguely worded, I’m not sure how to express my thoughts.

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Prior to the American Civil War, a South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks attacked Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor after Sumner's anti-slavery speech. and nearly left him dead. How did Brooks get away with this heinous assault? How did the Senate and public react to this?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon "was arrested for insulting President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and was imprisoned from 1849 to 1852". What was the insult? Was his sentence common for such a crime?

The Wikipedia Article on Proudhon has a "citation needed" in this part and a quick google search yielded no results.

1 Answers 2021-03-09

How did Kings start?

Might sound like a silly question, but how did the concept of royalty begin? How did one person ascend to such a powerful position, so powerful that only their offspring could succeed them?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Why didn't North Koreans revolt against tyranny?

South Koreans revolted against tyranny multiple times, while North Korea's tyranny is lasting without having to face such revolutions. I want to know what were the differences between the two countries, which were one before not so much long ago.

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Head Transplant

I was talking with my parents and older brother about the research into head transplant's back in the 50's and 60's. They keep saying that it is all fake including the surgery by Vladimir Demikhov, but i keep finding sources they keep saying it is all real. I was wondering the history on it and if it was real or if it was all fake.

1 Answers 2021-03-09

What typically happened to Medieval and Renaissance torture victims who were not subsequently executed? Were they given medical care?

One might imagine that if someone was, e.g., stretched on the rack and had most of their joints dislocated, it would be unlikely that they could just walk out of prison if they were not eventually condemned to execution. What would happen in such cases? Were they given/sold medical care? Could they have a private doctor come attend to them? Did the Church or other charities care for such victims or were they essentially left to die of their wounds and infection? One might imagine that even punishments like flogging could easily be fatal without the proper care afterwards. Was this considered by the judiciary in handing out such punishments (ie if someone couldn’t afford a doctor, would the judiciary realize that flogging was likely a death sentence from infection)?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Why weren't slaves used more in mining and factories in the US?

I remember learning in school that, among other reasons, the antebellum North was more anti-slavery than the South because it's mining- and industry-based economy didn't rely on slaves like the agriculture-based economy of the South did, but I never understood why that was the case. Why was it easier/cheaper for plantation owners to buy slaves than hire farm workers, but not easier/cheaper than hiring miners or factory workers? I'd imagine being closer to the Canadian border might have something to do with it, since that would make it easier for slaves to escape to freedom, but is there more to it than that?

2 Answers 2021-03-09

Were there counter culture fashion movements prior to the 20th century?

In the 20th and 21st century we can name lots of counter culture movements that had a specific fashion sense associated with them (hippies, goths, punks, etc.) but did these kinds of fashion movements exist prior to the 20th century?

1 Answers 2021-03-09

Were hispanics and other non African-American minorities subject to segregation laws in the Jim Crow era?

The title pretty much encapsulates what my question is but I'll elaborate in case something is not clear: while being educated on that era in American history, the lessons have been exclusively geared towards the oppression of Blacks via the segregation laws. That is, at least, the ones I've attended in my native country of England. Therefore, I have always wondered the extent to which other minorities e.g hispanics, native Americans, Asians, Eastern Europeans etc were subject to these laws and victims of the overarching oppression extant at the time. I thank potential responders in advance for their help.

This question is one that ostensibly has the potential to be frequently asked. I apologise if it is.

1 Answers 2021-03-09

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