Are there any major differences between the two weapons? Did the English further developed the longbow when they took it from the Welsh to make it their own or is this another case of England 'stealing' another invention?

I'm debating with someone and their argument is that the Welsh had their version of the longbow first and that Welsh archer were used in English campaigns, so the English didn't really developed anything other than incorporating the tactics into their strategy.

Including the Jews who fled to America and were turned around, but when reading pieces about the discovery of them, many soldiers were shocked that they existed and not only what they saw.

How fully incorporated was Afghanistan into the Islamic world, and how directly was it ruled from Baghdad?

I'm reading an introduction to The Iliad and it mentioned about how the miniscule script of of around the ninth century introduced word division.

It reminded me that when I'm at museums, I struggle damn hard to recall and use the 2 years of Latin I got as a kid, because the damn words don't have damn spaces.

Why is that? I know it's pretty intuitive and we've got hindsight bias over this, but why did writers at the time not separate their words? Was parchment or whatever they wrote on in the ancient world really expensive or something?

I know that nearly all were dispossessed of their land & title, but did they become a new professional military class (seeing as many would have military skill) or were there other areas they moved into?

Considering the terrorist attacks on 9/11, how did people live their Christmas in 2001? What was the general mood of the population? I tried to do some research online but couldn't find anything.

I'm asking because I'm currently writing a screenplay and there are a few scenes that happen in December of 2001, but I'm young and from outside the US, so I don't know how the general mood of the country was at that time and how people lived through it.

And did this have any impact on their ideology?

This might be a different type of question from the rest of what r/AskHistorians gets. Lots of it's people wanting clarification or explanations on such and such but I just want to read.

Right now I am reading Flight of the Eagle by Conrad Black. The book delves into the rise of the USA as the global superpower, explaining events from 1754-1992. It mainly goes into various strategies, events, and individuals for its contents and explanations while leaving geography and demographics more to the side.

One thing I was disappointed by though is lack of information from prior to the French & Indian War. I know colonialism wasn't relevant to the book as an independent America only started to form once the French threat was gone and the British got cocky with their policies but I'd like to know more about the colonial period.

I really am interested in any book or articles that give information on the colonial period. Only thing I'm picking about is I'd prefer a general gist of the colonial period. I know jack about this era and while a 300 page book about the economics of New York tobacco in the 1670's may be interesting I just don't know enough about this period to understand that. I'd still be fine with some niche books being recommended. I'd love to learn about Spanish Texas, French Quebec, or something like King Phillip's War but it's not my preference.

I am interested in the broad things that would give me a good idea of colonial America. Culture, politics, economics, warfare, colonialism, notable individuals, religion/philosophy, and whatever else may be important to get the gist of this century and a half from Roanoke to independence.

I hope I can get some good books and thanks in advance to all you who give me some good reads.

Cheers.

The question Im going to be attempting to answer is "Was the use of atomic weapons on Japan justified?" More specifically, what would the other options to end the war have been and what would have been the accompanying body counts. What I need help with is finding documents to use as sources. For instance, I believe that the department of defense put out a document the planned invasion of mainland Japan, and that it discussed the size of the invasion force, the resistance they would have met, and expected casualties on both sides. Are there any sort of databases that would contain documents like this one? And of course if anyone knows any good documents on the subject, I'd be happy to look at those as well. Thanks for any help you can give me.

this may seem obvious but think about it, men today need to go on specific diets and go to the gym every day and workout extensively for years to become body builders and have that muscular look, back then there were no gyms and food was limited and people were busy farming and working it's not like there were men who said we have free time we are going to spend hours working out, so how did ancient artists depict the muscular physique so accurately back then?

I’ve always found Albert Speer interesting, the image of the “Good Nazi” while long debunked is very interesting to me. Something nobody seems to really agree on (from what I’ve seen) is how much he truly regrets what he did, and how much of his post-Nazi life was just him trying to save face. Watching some of his interviews, they seem genuine, and I kinda want to believe him to an extent, but i understand that you need to keep in mind who this man is and what he did is absolutely unforgivable.

On 3 February 1488 the Portuguese landed on what is modern day Mossel Bay, making them the first Europeans to arrive in South Africa. But it was only in 1652 when the Dutch created a trading post in Cape Town that a country colonised the area. Why is it that the Portuguese did not colonise South Africa even though they were the first European country in the region?

In The Cafe, a 1991 episode of Seinfeld's third season, Jerry befriends Babu Bhatt, a Pakistani immigrant and restaurant owner, and convinces Babu to change his restaurant to serve exclusively food from his native Pakistan.

Babu and Jerry treat this as a novel suggestion which Babu considers risky. We even hear Jerry think, "Of course I've never had Pakistani food. How bad could it be?" In the show, it's suggested that the restaurant fails because of a lack of demand for this cuisine.

New York City has and had a reputation as very cosmopolitan. Pakistani food does not seem especially obscure or niche in North America nowadays. Was Pakistani cuisine really that new and rare in New York City in the early '90s?

Hello!

I am curious about whether people who lived in the territories of the Old West era paid much attention to U.S. politics? That is, did common people in these areas follow national level happenings and if so, what sources could one look to in order to get more information on this perspective?

Thank you!

The title really sums it up. I know some Americans fought in the French foreign legion at the outbreak of world war 1. Seems pretty reasonable that they'd stay in the legion, however the US army might have wanted experienced soldiers in their own army. For some reason i really wonder about this.