Could anyone migrate to France if they chose to? Was proof of employment / means to fund oneself required? Did this vary depending on the country you were coming from? How much changed from pre-WWI to post-WWII?
(Inspired by Julia Child writing of her sister coming to France to stay with her in Paris and looking for a job without knowing much French / having any employment experience in ~1946. No mention was made of any formal process to do so - was there one?)
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I have heard many contradictory things, like how the Nazis were inspired by American eugenics, but I have also heard that they viewed the USA a “mongrel nation.”
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Considering my comrades are standing all around me, how much of the battle can I actually see?
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Most texts I learned in High School and College place Sumer as the first civilization, head of the Indus River Valley, Ancient China etc.
How do we know that Sumer is actually earlier, and not just better preserved due to climate or erosion?
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Martin Luther's "Bondage of the Will" gives a wholehearted defense of predestination, and as far as I'm aware, the two men considered themselves to have the same position on this issue as each other. Why did this particular belief come to define "Calvinism" when the chief reformer Luther seems to have already articulated this position?
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Love this thread, thanks so much ahead of time!
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As I understand it, Islam was created around the 6th century CE, shortly after the fall of the Roman Empire, but before the crusades and the mass spread of Christianity. Judaism was never a widespread religion.
Presumably in the Middle East at the time most cultures or peoples wouldn't have been Judeo-Christian, or perhaps not even monotheistic. Therefore, how/why did Islam spring up in that region, at that time, and choose to draw on Judeo-Christian religions as a starting point?
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Isn’t the number of electors equal to the number of rep. + the number of senators a state has? Was there a huge population boom in those 4 years? Better consensus taken? There were somehow 63 more electors 4 years later.
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When we could go outside I was a budding amateur archer, and what surprised me most about the experience was getting to try bows from different archery traditions. Using a horse bow, long bow or traditional Japanese bow all felt like distinct and unique experiences with a different set of ideals and approaches. How much of an opportunity would there have been for crossover? Are there examples of Japanese or European archers coming across Mongol horse archers and riffing on/incorporating what they came up against?
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Let's say I'm a young man starting my life out as a small farmer or tradesman in a place nowhere near the south, like NE Ohio or Michigan, there's a strong likelihood I'm a first generation American whose parents came from Europe and even if I'm not, my family probably originates somewhere in New England or New York State like most of the settlers of the Old Northwest/Midwest...ie I have no connections to the south. So, when the south secedes, why do I care one way or the other? Why would preserving the union not only be important to me, but worth dying for?
I know that the likelihood is that I would be pressed into service regardless of my will, but the war still wouldn't have been possible if northerners didn't care about the south remaining in the US.
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Just like the title, every time I look into him I find that he is minister of propaganda, however the thought occurred to me surely the nazis didn’t call him that? If the meaning of propaganda is to not know that it is such having a title of minister of propaganda doesn’t make sense. My question is did they call himself something else? Was he just considered a top military official or did the German public know he was in propaganda?
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The British had a nuclear program before the Americans, although they managed to catch up fast and ultimately overtake the British efforts. However, it is clear that the British contributed to the American efforts when they decided to help (the Americans refused to help the British). To what extent did this cooperation help the overall effort? Would, for example, the nuclear bombs be able to drop on Japan in the same time frame without British help?
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*This is a repost from an old post from a deleted user with no answer. I thought that was a shame since it's an interesting question so it might just be worth reposting*
I recently read some surprising claims about censorship in pre-Nazi Weimar Republic. The claims are from this article: https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2018/02/far-right-not-favour-free-speech-need-champion-free-speech-risk-far-right-controlling-conversation/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=social-pug
People argue that if only the Weimar government had clamped down on the National Socialists’ verbal persecution of the Jews in the years prior to Hitler’s rise to power, then the Holocaust would never have happened.
Rose, who famously published cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed in 2005 when he was culture editor of Danish daily newspaper Jyllands-Posten, said:
“Contrary to what most people think, Weimar Germany did have hate-speech laws, and they were applied quite frequently. The assertion that Nazi propaganda played a significant role in mobilising anti-Jewish sentiment is, of course, irrefutable. But to claim that the Holocaust could have been prevented if only anti-Semitic speech and Nazi propaganda had been banned has little basis in reality. Leading Nazis such as Joseph Goebbels, Theodor Fritsch and Julius Streicher were all prosecuted for anti-Semitic speech.
“Pre-Hitler Germany had laws very much like the anti-hate laws of today, and they were enforced with some vigour.”
The source of this quote appears to be from this interview with the New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/copenhagen-speech-violence
Researching my book, I looked into what actually happened in the Weimar Republic. I found that, contrary to what most people think, Weimar Germany did have hate-speech laws, and they were applied quite frequently. The assertion that Nazi propaganda played a significant role in mobilizing anti-Jewish sentiment is, of course, irrefutable. But to claim that the Holocaust could have been prevented if only anti-Semitic speech and Nazi propaganda had been banned has little basis in reality. Leading Nazis such as Joseph Goebbels, Theodor Fritsch, and Julius Streicher were all prosecuted for anti-Semitic speech. Streicher served two prison sentences. Rather than deterring the Nazis and countering anti-Semitism, the many court cases served as effective public-relations machinery, affording Streicher the kind of attention he would never have found in a climate of a free and open debate**. In the years from 1923 to 1933,** Der Stürmer [Streicher's newspaper] was either confiscated or editors taken to court on no fewer than thirty-six occasions. The more charges Streicher faced, the greater became the admiration of his supporters. The courts became an important platform for Streicher's campaign against the Jews. In the words of a present-day civil-rights campaigner, pre-Hitler Germany had laws very much like the anti-hate laws of today, and they were enforced with some vigor. As history so painfully testifies, this type of legislation proved ineffectual on the one occasion when there was a real argument for it.
I have been googling to try and find some support for these claims and I'm not finding them. Can someone help me fact-check this please? I find these claims to be quite extraordinary and I want to know if they're true or if this is really shoddy journalism.
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I'm working on a roleplaying game and I'm having difficulty figuring out what it needs as locations. We've got a diner, a drive in, gas station, a bar, and a few other things, but we want it to be fairly accurate. Any help is much appreciated!
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Now, from my understanding, the south/confederacy was responsible for providing the majority of cotton in the world, and the British eventually made it so farming cotton would be the number one priority for workers in India, rather than food, so logically speaking, didn't the outcome of The American Civil where slavery was abolished and cotton farming stopped, technically lead to the British starving people in India so they could get cotton? I'm very much an amateur and wrote this as fast as I could so please correct anything I got wrong...
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Considering muskets were still commonplace at the outbreak (with some units even being issued flintlocks), I find it odd that I rarely hear of cavalry charges at all, and I don't think I've ever heard of a Union or Confederate unit forming square to protect against cavalry. Were they even trained in such tactics?
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So I have a document on my wall (a print 50x65cm, handwritten title "Glimpse of MarianPlatze") that thanks my grandpa for his "sterling services" to the men of Commando 2916, Munich 7-11-42. There is more than 100 signatures on it so I think it is genuine. It also has a circular stamp "Stalag VIIA GeprÜft"
Grandpa's head was messed up by the war and he never spoke of it and died pretty much alone. War is not good. The family gossip is that he was captured during either an escape attempt or some counter insurgency mission and then had to spend some time with the Gestapo which was traumatic for him.
I get that this is a very focused inquiry and not of great importance. I'm just throwing this out in case anyone has some information. Much obliged.
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Are there documentaries or series or anything to watch?
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At what point did Sicilianu acquire a written form? I am aware of Siculo-Arabic written in the Arabic Script (and it's surviving descendant, Maltese, in Latin) and I've seen references to (but no actually images/translations/reproductions of) Sicilianu written using the Etruscan script, but is there anything earlier - or better documented?
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I should clarify that I’m primarily asking if people who converted to Islam in its early period also carried over rituals and beliefs systems from the pagan religions (primarily Arabia and Central Asia, because unorganized polytheistic “pagan” religions were much more widely practiced there) that they were converted from.
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Obviously it is a fantasy so the plot and the dragons, etc are all made up, but in terms of the weaponry, types of fighting and frequency of the battles, how accurate is it? Seems like no one is safe, and anyone’s could be subject to a brutal raid at any time. Is the fighting accurate?
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