How did people cut their nails before the invention of nail clippers?

I'm not sure if this is a bizzare question but how would they've done it? With a knife?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Trying to find the military records of my wife's grandfather (WW2 - 82nd ABN DIV - '45-47)

Her family has very little information on his time in service as he is deceased and they haven't recovered much documentation. For obvious reasons they are very proud of his service and I'm trying to dig up as much as I can to provide to them. We traveled to Pittsburgh (the area which their family is from) and found a stone of his downtown by the memorial (Not KIA). It indicates he was in the 376th Field Artillery Battalion, 82nd ABN DIV during our occupation from 1945-1947 and it sounds like he was stationed in Germany at some point during that time but I can't say for certain. Apart from Google, I'm curious as to what resources I can tap into to find out more information of his on my own. FWIW, I am also in the 82nd, so I'm naturally drawn to figuring out more of this man's life in the military and presenting it to my wife and her family. Thank you all...

AATW

1 Answers 2020-10-03

While we define much of early history as BC, what year system did The Romans, for example, use? As in, what we would define as 20BC, what did the Romans call that year and other years in BC?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

I've heard that the viking horns were actually later theatre additions and that in reality vikings did not use them. Have movies/theatre leave a similar mark on Roman clothing, inventing or adding or removing important elements of what we see as the Roman military outfit?

Edit: thanks for the silver, the wholesome, the gugz, helpful awards and great question tag!

2 Answers 2020-10-03

Did ancient Athens ever have kings?

So I guess I could split this question into two main segments. Firstly, do we have any archaeological or literary evidence that Athens ever had a monarchy before its more widely attested rule under tyrants and democracy, (ie. the archaic and classical Athens we are all familiar with). And second, is there any evidence that specific Athenian kings who appear in myth (eg. Cecrops or Codrus) might have really existed? If not, what explains the spontaneous invention of an entire line of mythical kings?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Best of September Voting Thread

12 Answers 2020-10-03

What was life like in the Papal States for ordinary people? Any time period is interesting to me - I'm curious mainly whether it functioned like any other italian state or if it was significantly different to them on account of the Pope's rule

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Why did the Soviets have so little political influence in the occupation of Japan compared to Germany at the end of World War II?

What were the differences between the occupation of Japan and Germany that allowed this to happen?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Where did the Piast dynasty originate from?

How much do we know about the origins of Piast–the dynasty who founded Poland in 10th century?

I saw some TV documentaries making claims that they were of Viking origins. Is there any evidence supporting that? Or did Piasts emerge from local leaders of Slavic tribes?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

What did the average foot soldier think about lining up in columns and getting shot at during the battles of the 18th & 19th century?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Did monarchs actually listen to the pope? If yes, why? If not, why not?

I've never understood papal authority. Why would monarchs with their own duchies/kingdoms listen to a small state in Italy when I imagine they valued their own independence? Was there any benefit to it?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Women’s involvement in the Reformed Church

Hi,

I’m currently doing a thesis on the Scottish witch-hunt and am wondering if anyone could point me to some research regarding women’s participation in early modern Protestant ritual, particularly in the reformed sacraments?

The reason I ask is that I’m aware of women’s role as gatekeepers of life’s rights of passage, particularly birth and death, and would like to expand this further into church sacraments.

I also know that the Reformed church, in removing the cult of the Virgin Mary and many devotional roles that women would typically have a primary role in (monastical aspects for example), may have decreased female participation in church ritual but nonetheless I’m wondering if there’s any research out there that argues otherwise.

Thanks for your help!

1 Answers 2020-10-03

What is the consensus among historians about Bombing of Tokyo 1945 (Operation Meetinghouse), regarding the use of Napalm: Was Napalm used? Was Napalm responsible for 100 thousand civilian deaths at that operation?

Short introduction about why I am even asking this question.

First of all, I learned about the bombing of Tokyo from a revisionist history podcast (season 5, episode 6). In that podcast, it is stated that it was Napalm that was used in the bombing of Tokyo. If I remember correctly there might been a bomb added to spread the napalm further upon impact but that's besides the point.

Now this is where I get completely confused.

I have tried sharing this information in conversations on reddit and other commenters told me that in fact, it was not napaln and that I am a moron for believing so. Also that the podcast revisionist history, from which I learned about it, is completely wrong about it. Yet they haven't provided me any sources.

I am left puzzled and confused about this topic. I am no historian, how can I know what is the truth.

I would really like to hear an expert/historian opinion about this (with sources if possible).

1 Answers 2020-10-03

When did Women Go Hairless?

My oldest daughter and I were discussing the topic of when in history did women move from natural growth of hair to shaving? We were curious the origins of this now considered norm.

2 Answers 2020-10-03

Were there any attempts at reconciling the Western and the Eastern Christian church since the schism and how close it came to be to fruition?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Has the United States ever experienced a presidential election where one of the candidates fell gravely ill - or even died - with election day only weeks away?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

How different were the Religious reactions to the Black Death (Second Plague Pandemic)?

I just saw the Extra History Video on Ibn Battuta's Travels, Where the narrator mentioned in passing that Muslims had a more passive reaction to the whole ordeal, accepting it as some sort of merciful judgement. In contrast, it is also mentioned that Christians reactions were much more chaotic since they considered to be a sign of their sins.

I'm curious about the reaction of other religions to this pandemic, especially Indian religions like Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism

1 Answers 2020-10-03

How did people keep food from spoiling before modern refrigeration? Were people able to know what the "expiration dates" of foods that they were able to keep fresh were?

3 Answers 2020-10-03

The Book of Job, in chapter 28, talks about humans mining for gold, silver and iron. Verses 3 and 4 talk about humans making deep shafts, where light has never pierced, to mine for ore in the blackest darkness. Is mining as old as humans have been civilized and i mean deep shaft mining?

For reference:

28 There is a mine for silver
and a place where gold is refined.
2 Iron is taken from the earth,
and copper is smelted from ore.
3 Mortals put an end to the darkness;
they search out the farthest recesses
for ore in the blackest darkness.
4 Far from human dwellings they cut a shaft,
in places untouched by human feet;
far from other people they dangle and sway.
5 The earth, from which food comes,
is transformed below as by fire;
6 lapis lazuli comes from its rocks,
and its dust contains nuggets of gold.
7 No bird of prey knows that hidden path,
no falcon’s eye has seen it.
8 Proud beasts do not set foot on it,
and no lion prowls there.
9 People assault the flinty rock with their hands
and lay bare the roots of the mountains.
10 They tunnel through the rock;
their eyes see all its treasures.
11 They search[
a] the sources of the rivers
and bring hidden things to light.

1 Answers 2020-10-03

Direction towards primary sources on the Eastern Front?

I know this isn't the typical question to be received here, and if it must be taken down I understand, but I'm honestly at my wits end. I'm currently writing a paper on the Wehrmacht's conduct on the Eastern Front, and with most libraries being closed, including my school's, my access to primary courses is very limited. I've spent several hours searching, and I've come up with nearly anything. Any direction would be welcome-- thank you again.

2 Answers 2020-10-03

America has 32 officially recognized "broken arrow" nuclear incidents. Did the Soviets not have any during the Cold War?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

According to Gary Jennings' book, Aztec, there was a law in the Aztec Empire that: “in any maize field planted alongside a public road, the four rows of stalks adjacent to that road were accessible to the passerby." Is there any truth to this?

1 Answers 2020-10-03

What is the criteria for an MBT (Main Battle Tank)?

So, I’ve recently come across some people saying that the first MBT was the Panther, or Panzer 5 and I wanted to know if those claims have any substance to them. I would like to know the criteria for classifying tanks and also, why was the Chieftan the first? Also, are there any other kinds of tanks in production?

Edit: I know my run on sentences suck. I’m sorry

1 Answers 2020-10-02

What are some good books on old mystery cults?

I'm writing a book, and as part of that I'm looking into old mystery cults. Unfortunately I am having difficulty finding scholarly sources... Most things that come up either look like a work of fiction, are connected to the modern occult scene, or appear the be works of Christians teaching the evils of idolatry. None of which are what I'm looking for.

So to be specific I am looking for good, scholarly books on mystery cults found in ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, etc. Preferably that go into good detail of the mechanics of how they worked.

1 Answers 2020-10-02

What kinds of food would a 16th or 17th century rural worker in Northern Europe eat in Spring and early Summer?

Given that food preservation techniques were not perfect, and many Fall harvest foods perished (i.e. apples) or were unavailable in the winter (i.e. dairy and eggs and anything else that grows), what would the average rural worker in Northern Europe eat in Spring and early Summer when Nature was not providing much in the way of food stuffs, particularly as much work needs to be done in these seasons so caloric intake would have to be high? What would be some typical meals?

For some more detail: I can see how wheat flour is easily stored and full of calories, but what about a population reliant at this time on potatoes? Potatoes store, but can readily perish in a matter if months if there are any problems with storage. Where would people get their calories in early summer if their potatoes rotted?

1 Answers 2020-10-02

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