Why do we know that these empires existed? Did the Inca have oral traditions about them? If so, do we know about any of their rulers?

Obviously hitler is responsible for the death of Jews in world war 2, but after a discussion with my friends we were wondering if there’s any evidence to Hitler killing Jews himself, and not through commands?

Hello,

I am looking for a good book on the history of the GDR that cover its politics, ideology, relations with other countries, state surveillance, economy, a bit of daily life… Basically, I want to get a full picture of the country.

I have found some interesting books, but they only cover a limited range of topics (e.g. Stasi, Berlin Wall, etc.). I’m looking for something like “The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich” but dealing with the GDR.

Thanks a lot!

For example, the panzer tank is a well known tank or the luftwaffe or wehrmacht are commonly referred to as such as opposed to “The German Airforce” or “The German Army”. On the other hand, we use English to describe basically every other military. The Soviet Army has “The Red Army” but that’s still in English. I would only have heard of the Soviet Air Force never how a Soviet Soldier might have referred to it. From my perspective, it seems to come from a place of fascination with the Nazis and their perceived military prowess. Am I making an accurate observation? Thanks so much for any info.

I know for a fact that there were various embassies and consulates for the Kingdom of Hawai’i across Europe and other parts of the world before Queen Lili’uokalani was forced off of the throne and the Kingdom ceased to be. However, knowing the Hawaiian’s near prolific usage of diplomacy and political ties to Europe and parts of Asia I found it interesting that no one spoke of the after outside of Hawai’i itself. The only information that I can readily find is that Queen Lili’uokalani spent years in the United States petitioning the United States to release her country.

I know that Sanford Dole became President of the Republic it Hawai’i post January 17th, 1893 but I find few if any writings on what happened to the Hawaiian Diplomats in Europe and what became of the embassies.

Surely they would have asked for international help to prevent the unlawful overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy? Please let me know if anyone has information since my Hawaiian History teachers (I live in Hawai’i) have little to no information on this topic.

If a section has 25% casualties, how would it be dealt with? If a section has 50% casualties, how would it be dealt with?

If a platoon has 25% casualties, how would it be dealt with? If a platoon has 50% casualties, how would it be dealt with?

If a company has 25% casualties, how would it be dealt with? If a company has 50% casualties, how would it be dealt with?

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Hey there! I'm both working on a writing project and generally interested in the subject, and I'm looking for reading material on the following subjects:

• the relationship and history of England and Scotland from the 1700s through the mid 1800s
• Highland vs Lowland Scotland, concerning cultural/religious/linguistic differences, as well as differences in the educational systems; things like what regular life would be for people at various levels of society, what the class divisions were like, what educational or job opportunities people had, and the differences between how men and women lived in society are all specific topics I am interested in
• the culture and development of the Highlands from the mid 1700s to the mid 1800s, with an especial focus on the shifting attitudes towards the clan system and the use of Gaelic vs English
• Edinburgh in the early to mid 1800s, especially the university scene

I welcome articles and books on any of the more specific or broad categories here! I don't have much of a budget or access to any kind of academic library, so with books, I would prefer ones that are available to buy online for reasonable prices. Ideally I would like ebooks or books/articles that are available through sites like JSTOR, but I can work with paperbacks.

I just don't have enough of a knowledge base to know what are good, reliable, academically respectable sources on the subject, so I would welcome expert input! Thank you!

During ww2 radios were used more than in ww1 but from my understanding were in a short supply. How did soldiers fix cables running from forward lines to hq?

What were the leading factors behind the rise and fall of the Han Dynasty (206BCE-220CE)? I am curious about how the longest running Chinese dynasty of ancient times came to power and why its rule came to an end. Hoping to find some cause and effect between the factor and its effect it had either establishing structure/command or the effect it had to destabilise the Dynasty.

I was taught Dutch, which is my native language, French, English and even a little German during high school. I noticed that even on high school level, we were able to read and translate older English and French texts, think Shakespeare and Voltaire, while Dutch texts from even as recent as 19th century seem utterly alien in spelling and grammar, apart from the occasional use of archaïc vocabulary.

Is it just because as a native speaker I notice these differences better, or is there actual evidence of Dutch evolving relatively faster than for instance French, and if so, why does this happen in a more general sense?

& would you be willing to give a brief review, or point me to a review you think is accurate? I have the book sitting around and am wondering if it's worth reading. Thanks!

In texts about feudal and post-feudal europe who owns land is of major importance, and it is clear that land cannot just be owned by nobles and the church, but also by the king.

How does this work though? It is not possible for a single individual to administrate any significant geographical area on their own, so they need people collecting taxes and so on for them, but as I understood it this was the job of the nobility.

Does the king have non-nobles administration his crown land, and if so, how does he maintain their loyalty without making them nobles?

Title says it all... I’m curious about the terminology - why use the left and right directions? Why is liberalism left and not right, and vice versa?

I know that siege engines were usually built at the site of a siege but I've read that these engines were often pre-fabricated.

Were there specialized workshops or factories where craftsmen would build a trebuchet or a mangonel or a siege tower, and then break it down for transport? Would there be a private guild of engineers that I would contract for the work? Would I be recruiting engineers as part of my royal court or in my standing army (if I had one)?

I would also appreciate views from around the world; would it be a different process in Arabia than in England? Or in China vs Germany?

I know that Nazi ecomonic policy was unsound and unsustainable. However, I know that annexation of Austria, Chezckoslovakia and robbery of their Jewish citizens resulted in a huge influx of cash to the state treasury. So I was a bit surprised to hear the theory that beside ideology, the start of the war was an ecomonic necessity. Could anyone explain?

Before the invention of lawn mowers, did people keep their lawns clean and grass short? If they did how did they do it, and keep the grass even?