I first learned about Sam Rayburn in Robert Caro's biography on Lyndon Johnson (I've just started book 2 of the planned 5 volume series). From what I gathered, he was an extremely powerful political figure whose presence struck fear and reverence to many other politicians. He was the protege of former Vice President (under FDR's first two terms) and powerful Texas politician "Cactus Jack" John Nance Garner. His own protege, Lyndon Johnson, would eventually become Vice President and then President of the United States.
More about Sam Rayburn: he served as a Texas congressman from 1913 to 1961. This means he was an elected official in the United States from Woodrow Wilson's first administration to the beginning of John F. Kennedy's administration. He was in office through World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, and the beginning of the Cold War era. In addition, Rayburn served as Speaker of the House from: 1940 to 1947, 1949 to 1953, and 1955 to 1961. FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy all were in office during Rayburn's tenure as Speaker. That is A LOT of history. This photo of 4 former United States' Presidents attending Rayburn's funeral has always been very powerful to me. Rayburn was clearly an important and influential political figure during much of the 20th century in the United States. I believe it could be argued (or perhaps even a fact) that Rayburn was the second most powerful American for the better part of a 20-year period.
How did Rayburn use this power? What key policies did he push through or reject? What is his lasting impact on American history? How did his tenure shape the United States' political atmosphere as we know it today?
2 Answers 2020-06-11
Full disclosure since this thread may be skirting the line of acceptable questions: Yesterday, Wizards of the Coast announced they were banning and removing several cards from deep in Magic: The Gathering's history that could be viewed as problematic, either for racial or religious themes. One of these cards includes an old card named "Crusade".
Since then I've seen discussion all over reddit about whether or not the crusades were a purely religious campaign. I frequently see quotes such as:
"You do know there were crusades against white pagans too right? Crusades and Jihad were political and religious events with little to do with race."
Which sounds to me, frankly, like "Nazis were socialists" or "the American Civil War was about states' rights" levels of reductionism which attempt to obfuscate a complex topic into simple terms, often as a way to downplay or misdirect the conversation.
So I'd like to know, from historians who actually spend their life studying this stuff, to what degree were the crusades purely a religious campaign and what effect, if any, did "race" have on them? I put race in quotations because I know our modern conceptions of race and racial identity are so farm removed from the time period in which the Crusades took place. With that in mind I'm mostly asking to what extent "the crusades were purely religious" is false or reductionist, and whether the conversation in general has more merit than simply ascribing "because religion" to the crusades without any other kind of social or political lens.
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Hi, I love history and have since I found out I was born on Abraham Lincoln's birthday. Sadly I also live in an area where many people still claim the Civil War was mainly about State rights. While I know that was apart of it from my readings and from documents I have seen I also know a large part of it dealt with slavery either directly or indirectly byway of economy. I was wondering if y'all could suggest some sources or good ways of explaining that time period and getting high school age students to understand the time period and the world at that time. Thank you!!!
1 Answers 2020-06-11
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Reading a book on James Garfield and wondering what happened to the slaves as Union forces took over a place. Did some join the Union army? Were they free to just go? Also, side question, were there slaves in rural Eastern Kentucky where Garfield was during the Big Sandy Valley campaign?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Places like Brazil and Cuba had to continuously bring people over from Africa, whereas America by 1850 had about 2x more slaves than Brazil. I think the Bahamas was the only other place that also had natural growth, is that true?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
It's often stated that during the French Revolution, Maximilien Robespierre was unpopular for pursuing dictatorial powers over the country, and it ultimately led to his death. It seems that Napoleon Bonaparte went on to do the same thing, but with great success and popularity?
How could Maximilien Robespierre have been so unpopular for trying to pursue dictatorial powers, when Napoleon followed and succeeded with great popularity?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Heroes often have named horses that are really important to them in semi-historical heroic epics (e.g. Alexander and Bucephalos), myth (e.g. Llamrei and Arthur) or fantasy literature. But did real fighting horsemen actually connect with their horses emotionally, given that they are prone to die on campaign? Question is about medieval europe, but answers about any other time/place are also appreciated.
Edit:Grammar
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui ruled roughly 1438–1471/1472. Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina ruled 1440-1469. Basically I'm wondering if during their reigns, did they at least know of each others existence and how much interaction did the two empires have?
2 Answers 2020-06-11
I'm a student in Turkey and we learn about Ottoman history in class. Now, I know the Ottoman Empire was around for quite a while, so there may not be one single answer to this, but how were black people treated in empire? Were they used as slaves, like in many other (European?) nations, or seen as citizens? We're taught that the Ottoman Empire was very welcoming and tolerent of nations it had conquered, letting them keep their religion etc. but I've noticed some revisionist history from my teachers (we do, after all, still deny the Armenian genocide). So how were black people percieved back then?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
I understand why the English crown passed through Elizabeth Stuart after the Charles I line ended - Anne had no children, they wanted to exclude the Jacobites, etc - but why did Parliament pick Sophia of Hanover specifically? She was the 10th child of Elizabeth Stuart; wouldn’t her older brothers (and sisters) be more senior?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
I am currently researching one of my relatives via Ancestry. I don't have access to Fold3 yet, but I will be upgrading to that service in the coming months. I am not sure if that will illuminate my relatives history any further, based off he search results I get at present (one record indicating being on that service, but not entirely sure if it is for my relative).
Per his census records, he was a "cavalry corporal". In 1891, he was living in Aldershot ("Aldershot Division", 1st and 2nd Divs, and 2nd Cav Bde were apparently all active during this period) . Either that year or the next, he shipped out to India (based off birth of child there that year). He was potentially based around Bangalore in 1894, based off the birth of another child. By 1897, he was back in the UK and based in Canterbury (I know there was a depot for the cav at Sturry Road), and then left the colours between then and 1901.
Based off that info, is it possible to figure out what regiment he would have been part of? Or, could someone point in me in the right direction?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Just a little background, I am of caribbean decent and ive been studying South American history and such and one thing that stuck out to me is the demographics of SA. The mix seems to be African, European and Native American but I noticed this massive difference in the demographic of the countries these two liberated. So in Simon case Colombia, Venezuela, Panama,Ecuador and Bolivia. The population with direct African heritage is much higher especially in Colombia (which was also the biggest port for Spain in the Caribbean at those times) so I can see how other factors play in to population demographic. but it’s the same in Panama and Venezuela and Bolivia which is the least amount but still notable. Let me also note that I’m not mentioning the countless people who don’t know there heritage but claim to have African or European heritage mulattos and mestizos.
Now compare that to San Martin’s Argentina, Peru and Chile. Those counties African- heritage population is almost nonexistent. Argentina and Uruguay tried to remove the African/darker population. (Look up Tango) you’ll see that in Argentina and I’ll go as far to say all of South America deep seated beliefs, behaviors and culture stems from Africa even more so than Europe. Especially when it comes to music, dance, food. I can’t find significant info on Chile but I give them the benefit of doubt considering how far the country is from the Atlantic coast.
So basically I’d like to stem the discussion of what drove the mentality of these colonies at the time to have completely different demographics and was it forged by the mentality of their liberators? Maybe one was looking for a more European nationalistic mentality even though they were independent. While the other was trying get away from that mentality.
1 Answers 2020-06-11
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Some fantasized accounts of the liberation of slaves show that some slaves chose to stay with their former owners. I did some preliminary research and could not find any historical proof of this. I was wondering if there were any texts that talked about this. Thanks.
2 Answers 2020-06-11
I often hear the question "why did Roman senators tolerate the emperor", but wouldn't it be more questionable the other way around?
It seems that starting around the time of Julius Caesar, real authority and power was held by generals commanding military forces, rather than the Senate. When Caesar took over Rome, he made the mistake of keeping the Senate, which led to his death. Augustus went on to subvert the senate during his rule, but why did he not just execute/exile them?
While it's understood that being perceived a king was something the Emperors feared, who would rebel besides the Senate if they decided to pursue an autocratic government? The common people?
It seems that throughout history there was a hostile back and forth between the Roman Senate and the Emperor. The Roman Senate didn't seem to have control over the commoners or the army, so why did Emperors put up with them?
2 Answers 2020-06-11
/u/secessionisillegal discussions in a wonderful answer to this post how public support for secession was far from unanimous in Virginia to the lead up to the Civil War? That would seem to imply that there were quite a few pro-Union residents in the state once it joined the Confederacy. How easy was such a situation? Was there any migration of noteworthy scale, violence against those who opposed the Confederacy, or did they mostly just keep a low profile?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
I am referring to long ago when slavery was very common. Was it just a normal part of life or did many people find it off? What did slaves think of it? Did slave owners think they were good people?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
I'm a Highschool student who is looking for sources in the Six Day War, if anyone knows any reliable sources on the events that took place, book website, newspaper articles anything would be of help. I dont mind if information such as Newspapers at the time are unreliable die to possibly being biased it would actually be more helpful as it gives me a chance to boost my marks by pointing such things out
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Would a regular soldier be ransomed right away? If so would I have to take some kind of oath to not take up arms again?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
The title says it all, the steppe is a harsh and vast place, a difficult place for sedentary armies to travel through and transport supplies through. Horseback nomad armies were often content to just keep retreating from the slower sedentary armies, letting attrition do their work for them. How were the Qing able to overcome this paradigm? Did the fact that they were sort of half-horde half-sedentary help them at all?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Thursday Reading and Recommendations is intended as bookish free-for-all, for the discussion and recommendation of all books historical, or tangentially so. Suggested topics include, but are by no means limited to:
Asking for book recommendations on specific topics or periods of history
Newly published books and articles you're dying to read
Recent book releases, old book reviews, reading recommendations, or just talking about what you're reading now
Historiographical discussions, debates, and disputes
...And so on!
Regular participants in the Thursday threads should just keep doing what they've been doing; newcomers should take notice that this thread is meant for open discussion of history and books, not just anything you like -- we'll have a thread on Friday for that, as usual.
11 Answers 2020-06-11
Was Norse mythology a story they told each other or was it what they actually believed? Many cultures have their own beliefs and myths but since there aren’t many accounts of Norse beliefs, I’m wondering if we even know how much of that they actually believed in and wasn’t just a thing they told people. Like if we didn’t have many accounts of our culture, people in the future could think we legitimately believed Santa exists or maybe even Superman or Batman. Thoughts?
1 Answers 2020-06-11
Due to the rotation of the Earth, the irradiated zone from nuclear explosions stretched far to the west of ground zero. Was the US aware of this before they dropped the bombs, and did they take advantage of that knowledge to maximize damage? Additionally, are there accounts of communities in mainland Asia that were affected by radiation?
1 Answers 2020-06-11