I see that by modern standards a desert well is extremely deep, 1000 feet of more. Where ancient people digging down 1000 feet for there wells?

I have found a lot of research on the Great Migration, however, a lot of the websites seem to say the same thing. I am trying to find the lasting impacts of the Great migration on America. I have found a lot about the Harlem Renaissance but that's about it. I'm not looking for anyone to write this for me, but to send me in the right direction of what I should look for or research.

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Thanks!

I see them both referenced as the Soviet Secret Police, whats the difference between the two?

So I’m watching a lot of period dramas now and am confused every time a girl goes out on a date in the 1920s or something.

When exactly would women start to be able to go out with an interested male without it being socially frowned upon?

Say if you fancied a girl in the 1880s, i don’t suppose you could do much else rather than ask her hand in marriage from her father.

How much does medieval European style beer resemble our modern day beer, I've heard that medieval beer was more like modern day mead but with some alcohol, is there any truth to this claim?

Hitler mentions the Elders of Zion in Mein Kampf, and it was used as a propaganda tool by the Nazis. However, I was wondering just how much of an influence the Elders of Zion might have had on what Hitler and Nazi Germany did.

Was it a fundamental influence? That the Jewish population with their "Protocols to conquer the world" (as described in EoZ) would need to be eliminated if the Aryan's ever hoped to be in control?

Or was it more a case of antisemitism and the Elders of Zion was just another nail in the coffin that Hitler and the Nazi's could use to say "See, I told you so?"

Any information or sources are greatly appreciated, thank you.

I am currently researching how I will access counter-culture communes in my dissertations and am struggling to find good primary source collections. I am looking for periodicals, diaries, letters, manuscripts, memories etc. Essentially sources that allow me to access what life was like in these 1960's to 1970's counterculture communes. I am especially interested in UK and US communes as I wish to do comparative work on them. Where can the best collections of commune primary sources be found?

I've read a few different things about how difficult the living conditions aboard German U-Boats was for sailors during WWII, such as hot-bunking, bland canned food for months on end, and no fresh air for weeks. I'm interested in the fresh water capacity of these subs. Obviously they had to have some fresh water aboard for the crew to drink, but I've read some sources say sailors didn't bathe for anywhere between 3 and 6 months. Does that mean there weren't shower facilities on board and they only bathed in port? Did U-boats have desalination plants to create fresh water? I know it's hardly the same, but could sailors bathe with salt water at least, or was that not an option?

In Europe, for example, there's Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Age of Enlightenment, etc., but I'm presuming that a medieval scribe, historian, monk, chronicler, etc. wouldn't have referred to their own time as the "Middle Ages". What terms would have been used to describe those time periods? Are terms recycled?

So from what I understand, Jim Crow laws were state laws that, while not explicitly calling for discrimination, were designed in a way that they discriminated against African-Americans. Was it immediately clear to people that these laws were de facto designed to discriminate? How often was this publicly acknowledged? Was it acceptable for, say, politicians and newspapers (or other “official” sources) to talk about or promote the Jim Crow laws as discriminatory, or was it more of an under-the-table thing where people pretended they weren’t (or didn’t even know at all)?

In the early period of England, we know that a few groups came to England, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. From my flawed knowledge, it seems that all of these peoples eventually congregated into 1 people called Anglo-Saxons, but they are sometimes just referred to as Saxons in some historical sources.

How close in culture were the Angles and Saxons?

Why were their groups the most prevalent of the northern Germanic tribes who moved to England?

What happened to the Frisians and the Jutes?

When and how did the Angles and the Saxons become the "Anglo-Saxons"?

During the great purges Stalin accused many party leaders of conspiring to overthrow the communist state, were any of these accusations founded or were they fabricated?

Lutheranism managed to expand from the HRE to Escandinavia, calvinism in his different forms made itself prevalent in the Netherlands, Geneva, Scotland and some parts of France, and even England had his own reformation with Henry VIII. But how is it that the reformation didn't expand to Eastern Europe, or, if it did, how is it that it wasn't as succerful there? How did the orthodox churces see this split in the catholic world?

When I hear stories about the exploration of the New World, I never hear about how the Europeans and Indians communicated. How did they understand eachother? I get that by 1700 the Iroquois probably knew some English, but how did Spanish conquistadors speak with the Aztec kings? How did the Portugese traders speak to the tribes of the Amazon? Did the Indians in Virginia have an English translator? Did the Roanoke settlers learn the local tongue?

Did Racialist ideas really dominate accademia during the 19th and early 20th century as It is often thought? Or was It just a fringe movement?

We have this stereotypical image of two men in very nice coats standing facing each other while discharging pistols, unperturbed in the face of possible injury or death.

But how do you get there? Maybe this is a stupid question, but how do you inculcate a youth with the belief that he must be prepared to kill or be killed over matters of honor? Did dads give their sons THE TALK and tell them “Whatever you do, don’t be like your Uncle Fitzhugh and run away like a coward”?

It says that two emperors and the pope have skipped and fabricated 297 years. I find it incredibly farfetched and would like to know what has led someone to come up with this.

I am writing a sequel to my book and one of the characters, Nikolaos, was born in around 482 BCE in Greece. In the first book, I didn't divulge much about his life growing up in Ancient Greece however in this one I would like to look into it more.

I was wondering if any of you knew some good places to find out more information on what life was like back in those times for families and citizens, what the politics were, etc.

Am I correct in think that my character would not have a surname, so he would be called Nikolaos son of name?

What would life be like for a 27 year old man in those times, not affluent as such but not a poor man either?

I'm sorry if these questions are too broad, I'm really trying to educate myself on the matter as much as possible to do justice to the character's history and not spread misinformation. If any of you could help with these queries or could point me in the right direction of resources to learn more I would be very grateful, and if you would like me to be more specific with questions I would be happy to try and word them better.

The title says it all. From what I understand the Soviets were the only ones who were willing to help Republican Spain, although not for free. On the other hand sending most of their gold away kind of wrecked the economy (as if the civil war wasn't enough).

So I want to know, was it the right choice to pay for Soviet aid with the gold reserves?