Today Europe is usually defined as a continent that has its eastern border in Ural, western border in Atlantic, northern in Arctic Ocean and southern in Mediterranean Sea. In what other ways has Europe been defined during history?

Have some countries or geographical locations that are currently widely considered as "European" been left out in some definitions of Europe?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Fixed prices for "life essential goods" post soviet

I believe I read in a russian history book in university that after the fall of the soviet union, 3 goods were regarded as "life essential" and kept at a fixed price. These goods were cabbage, potatoes and vodka.

Thought it would be a fun trivia for a Christmas quiz at work, but I'm having a hard time verifying what I remember online. Only found statements by Yeltsin that some commodities would not be subject at once to a free market.

Would appreciate it if someone knew if this was correct or not.

1 Answers 2019-12-04

How did Italy, the most prosperous country (at least in the North) of the middle ages, decline so much politically, economically and militarily?

The northern Italian states were strong and developed during the middle ages and peaked in the Renaissance. What happened?

2 Answers 2019-12-04

Was the general consensus towards a white person marrying a hispanic person during the jim crow segregation era?

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1 Answers 2019-12-04

What's a Vespers?

How did the term "Vespers" which refers to a Christian evening prayer, also come to refer to an ethnic cleansing/revolt by surprise given that the earliest event I'm aware of that's referred to as such (The "Asiatic Vespers") occurred before the advent of Christianity and therefore couldn't possibly have coincided with a Christian prayer?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

During and after the Battle of Jutland, how was rescuing survivors handled?

I'm reading about the ships sunk and lives lost during the battle, and the figures are intriguing. When were the survivors actually rescued? During or after the battle or both? And a number of POWs were captured by the Germans but none by the British. Was there a strategic reason why the Germans only took or were able to take POWs, or did the British just not bother? And how many people survived the actual sinking but not make it until rescue?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

How was homosexuality viewed during the Classical world of Greece?

I just finished reading Xenophon's Anabasis and many of the generals and soliders within the army of Ten Thousand are either gay or bisexual, and specifically capture boys who they view extremely beautiful. In one instance one of the generals in the army even tells Seuthes II that if he wanted to kill a beautiful boy, Seuthes II would have to kill him first. So was being gay or having sexual attraction to the same gender viewed in a positive light during ancient Greece? Was homosexuality even a concept back then? Did any of the city states within Greece outlaw it?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

What kind of weapons did the samurai during the Sengoku Jidai wield?

Were there any atypical or unusual weapons?

2 Answers 2019-12-04

Were there any other Appalachian feuds besides the Hatfields and McCoys?

As a native of the state of West Virginia, I know people who are directly related to both of these clans amd the feud got some brief mention in our state history class, however, no ever such feud was ever discussed. I don't believe myself entirely ignorant on Appalachian history, and took courses on it in college, and seem to have not encountered any other feud discussed.

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Why do historians consider WWI and WWII two separate wars?

I have been doing a lot of reading and watching of documentaries about both wars and one thing I keep coming up with is that there were so many continuations of smaller battles across Europe, Asia and Africa after WWI that just kept causing domino effects until we get into WWII. So is it fair to consider both wars as one?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

How did Japan learn that it had been nuked? Surely the devastation, especially the EMP would have blocked it out. And it's not like there is a guy whose job it is to look for cities that disappear.

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Was Napoleon regarded as a hero or a tyrant by regular citizens of the French Empire?

I feel like this question has a super simple answer but I’ve always wondered how the average man or woman viewed Napoleon Bonaparte throughout his reign.

I know he obviously has supporters being that he brought a sense of stability following the chaos of the revolution but how about after his rule got underway?

I also know he was notoriously sexist so I was wondering if there was any difference in his public perception between men and women of the French Empire.

Further still is the question of the difference from mainland France and it’s new territories obtained during his conquest.

Any clarification would be great! I had family who would’ve been living around Waterloo at the time of his final defeat so I’d like to know what they may have thought!

1 Answers 2019-12-04

What were women's roles during the Crusades?

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1 Answers 2019-12-04

What was life life for the Spaniards that settled in the America’s? Specifically amongst the Southern border with Mexico? What was life like for Tejanos, Californios, and NeoMexicans that are often overlooked in American history? Interesting stories or events as well?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Why weren’t “Crimes against humanity” and “War Crimes” considered a problem before the 20th century?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

How did Worcestershire sauce, an English product, come to be so ubiquitous in Japanese cuisine that simply the word for sauce (ソース) can be used to refer to it?

2 Answers 2019-12-04

How are we able to reconstruct Proto-indoeuropean words when it has been thousands of years since it started to diverge?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Why didn't the Soviet Union face significant backlash from formerly colonized Middle Eastern states for its invasion of Afghanistan?

I recently read a 2001 New Yorker article entitled The Revolt of Islam, which stated the following:

Even the Russian invasion of Afghanistan in 1979—a clear case of imperialist aggression, conquest, and domination—triggered only a muted response in the Islamic world. The P.L.O. observer at the United Nations defended the invasion, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference did little to protest it. South Yemen and Syria boycotted a meeting held to discuss the issue, Libya delivered an attack on the United States, and the P.L.O. representative abstained from voting and submitted his reservations in writing. "

Why didn't the governments of predominantly Muslim states challenge this Soviet invasion like they challenged Western (particularly American) imperialism?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

Yad Vashem, the memorial for Jewish victims of the Holocaust, was first proposed in September 1942. To what extent did people know what was going on? Did overseas Jewish/Zionist communities try to help their European counterparts in anyway?

Upon researching Yad Vashem, the memorial for Jewish victims of the Holocaust in Israel, the idea for such a memorial was first proposed in September 1942. However, if I recall correctly, the full extent of the Holocaust was not discovered until 1944.

If this is the case, to what extent did non-European Jews know what was going on? Was there any skepticism to the "rumours" or was there a general consensus?

And on that note, did the Jewish diaspora, particularly Zionists, try to help their European counterparts in anyway such as smuggling them to the Palestine region or to the UK/US?

1 Answers 2019-12-04

How did the British become the dominate force in the North American colonies, even though they settled colonies there late?

1 Answers 2019-12-03

What would a middle class person in Constantinople eat on a normal day?

1 Answers 2019-12-03

Announcing the Best of November Awards Winners!

Another month is in the books, and the votes have been tallied.

For the month of November, the 'User's Choice' vote was a closely fought one, but edging out by a crooked nose was /u/dhowlett1692 who thanks to the witchery of timezones just managed to get into the November docket with their excellent response to "Why did American Puritans seem to deradicalize so rapidly? In the 1690s they're accusing each other of witchcraft en masse with the entire society revolving around the congregation. A mere 70 years later their descendants are some of the most intellectually radical/liberal in the world. Why?"

The 'Flair's Choice' was no less hard fought, but in the end /u/aquatermain danced off with the top prize for answering "It Takes Two, but what are the origins of Tango? How did African and Native American music styles influence this most Argentine of genres?"

There was considerably less wrangling over the "Dark Horse" award this month, which is given to the combined vote for best answer by a non-flaired user, with both Flairs and non-flairs feeling fairly decisive about the insight /u/vpltz's brought concerning "In 1920s France, Josephine Baker became the most successful American entertainer and the first African-American to star in a major motion picture. Yet she never reached an equivalent reputation in the US. What was Baker's relationship to her American homeland and to its civil rights movement?"

The "Greatest Question" award, bestowed by the mods for a question we find to be unique, insightful, or highlighting a less trafficked topic this month goes to "A Neo-Inca State existed alongside the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru for 35 years until 1572. What was life like in this state?", asked by /u/Erezen. Unfortunately it doesn't have the answer it deserves yet, but fingers crossed!

Finally, the November 'Excellence in Flairdom' award is one of our favorite types: a group award! It's easy to take for granted the time, effort, and love that our flairs and future flairs put into answering and asking questions, and helping other users. With finals season in North America approaching, that stands out almost as much as the increase in homework question. So this month we'd like to recognize a special group of people who somehow manage to hang with AskHistorians--our new and expecting parents! I don't want to blow anyone's privacy, but suffice to say, we have had a LOT of community members having and announcing births and adoptions recently. Thank you for whatever scraps of energy you have managed to put into AH, and we are so excited for you and your families!

As always, congrats to our very worthy winners, and thank you to everyone else who has contributed here, whether with thought-provoking questions or fascinating answers. And if this month you want to flag some stand-out posts that you read here for potential nomination, don't forget to post them in our Sunday Digest!

For a list of past winners, check them out here!

5 Answers 2019-12-03

Why do Americans (and scholars in this sub) use fascism and Nazism basically as synonyms while here in Italy I've never met anybody doing it (included during my experience studying contemporary history at the Uni)?

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1 Answers 2019-12-03

How did Nazi Germany treat blind people?

I had assumed - what with them being Nazis and all - that Nazi Germany would give blind people the same treatment they gave others with disabilities, but I I came across a segment in 'The bombing war' by Richard Overy where he said that the policy for Nazi bomb shelters was that there were no animals allowed, except dogs if they were for blind people, which was something which I found quite surprising. I did not assume that the Nazis would be quite so accommodating. Was there other exceptions or further levels of support that Nazi Germany offered blind people?

1 Answers 2019-12-03

Why were Chinatowns made?

Were they denied housing everywhere else? Were they homesick? Did they al have the same taste is views?

1 Answers 2019-12-03

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