The Battle of Britain has pretty much tailed off and the bombing raids switched to night, when the bulk of Fighter Command is ineffective.

RDF kind of obviated the need to run patrols all the time, so what else were Fighter Command's day fighters doing over that winter?

Years ago, Donna Moss (a character on the TV show The West Wing) commented that being pushed around in a wheelchair made her feel like one of those Soviet leaders that had secretly been dead for a while (This is a really bad paraphrase, but I can’t find the episode at the moment). Today, /u/hucksire made the assertion that: “In the nineteen-eighties, credible video evidence suggested that the corpse of a Soviet premier was propped upon the reviewing stand for a parade, while his death remained unannounced and the power struggle to succeed him raged.” I’ve done a very cursory search, and can’t find anything, but I’m a relatively young late-19th century Americanist, and this could just be a piece of common knowledge that no one thinks to bring up. So, to ask it plainly, is there any evidence that there were any Soviet leaders (premiers or otherwise) who were paraded around after death as though they were still alive (á la Weekend at Bernie’s)?

I'm currently writing a paper on the relative totality of warfare and came across a historian arguing that the most intense humanity has come in waging war was through the testing of the atomic bomb where they believed this could be the outcome. His footnote is a bit underwhelming though, a comment from a friend 'Aaron Novick' who was there and claimed this was the case. Hard to verify and wondered if anyone had any information on it. Would be interesting to hear anything about this. Thanks!

I once saw a documentary. And can not remember where or what for the life of me. It was about the Romans in Britian. Apparently as far as I remember it telling, the Romans exploring Britian, met the Scots. And realized they were just too much a handful to handle. So instead of handleling it, when reporting back to Rome. They drew maps where there was not Scotland, but simply ocean.

I've been telling this fact around in casual conversation. But there are things that do not make sense for me. Because they made the Hadrian wall. And this would only have been done if it was common knowlegde that Scotland existed.

So, I am curious if anyone actually knows anything about it, and if I have been telling false information.

Christianity was at first a Jewish sect.It really surprises me how they managed to spread so much. How did they convince the pagans to convert to Christianity? What made it so successful in spreading?

I tutor a Turkish girl and I was hoping to get some advice/resources that would help me with a recent question on her history homework.

The question asked “Why were hundreds of thousands of Armenians killed or driven from their homes by the Turks?”

She replied “Because Russia deceived Armenians with the dream of Armenia. The Armenians who have Ottoman citizenship changed the rank and united with Russia, attacked the Ottoman Empire. They thought that Russia will help for this dream. But they didn’t. That’s why many people died from Turks, Armenians, Russians.”

I understand that Turkey sees the Genocide differently, and it can be a sensitive topic. I am not an expert on the matter by any means, and I was hoping someone could give me some context to her answer (as it differs significantly from the textbooks).

Also, we are not in Turkey. Thanks for any advice.

Presumably, none of the tribes in the area would actually have laws for the specific contingency of "a bunch of people in a huge boat arrive from overseas coming from some continent we've never heard of," but I'm wondering about laws or customs regulating people moving from one tribal territory into another. If a Narragansett wanted to move into Wampanoag territory, what would be legal and illegal ways of doing this? (Maybe some sort of fealty rite?)

Overall, it seems that “invasion” rather than “immigration” (whether legal or illegal) seems to fit the framework better: the Pilgrims were creating their own polity with its own government, laws, ability to make war against or conclude treaties with those indigenous polities that it had not conquered, etc, much more like the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain or the Turkish invasion of Anatolia than immigration into existing polities.

That said, if the Pilgrims had wanted to immigrate legally, what laws would they have had to comply with? Would it have been difficult, or was immigration pretty welcomed by many tribes at the time in an attempt to recover from plague losses and poach each others’ members?

Sorry if this is a simple question but what were their motivations for bombing a US base? What were their goals?

Hello, Historians :)

This is my first time studying history seriously and I want to start with Modern Egypt's history, starting after the Islamic period until Nasser and Sadat. Since these are my baby steps into the historians world, I found it dumb to randomly pick books from the library and decided to list what I found down and listen to the experts here.

Do you recommend any of the books listed below? Do I have to start with the Ottomans or just dig my way through different periods? Is it a bad idea to study Modern Egypt when I still haven't done Ancient or Medieval Egypt?

I want to study the history until I can imagine myself walking in the streets of 16th Century Egypt or 1952 Post-Coup Egypt, thinking what people are thinking, living what people are living.

Note: I can't get access to other books than the listed below in the time being.

❤

Cairo Cosmopolitan by Diane Singerman

Cairo Contested by Diane Singerman

The Greeks and The Making of Modern Egypt by Alexander Kitroeff

Access to Knowledge in Egypt by Lea Shaver

Egypt's Culture Wars by Samia Mehrez

Egypt's Desert Dreams by David SimsRevolutionary Womanhood by Laura Bier

Modernizing Marriage by Kenneth M. Cuno

For Better, For Worse by Hanan Kholoussy

Judges and Political Reform in Egypt by Nathalie Bernard

Popular Housing and Urban Land Tenure in the Middle East by Dupret &. Den Ababsa

Social Capital and Local Water Management in Egypt by Dalia M. Gouda

Historical Dictionary of Egypt by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Robert Johnston

Gypsies in Contemporary Egypt by Alexandra Parrs

Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt by Ray Bush

Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt by Samer S. Shehata

Witness to War And Peace by Ahmed Aboul GheitWomen in Revolutionary Egypt by Shereen Abouelnaga

Committed to Disillusion by David Dimeo

The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt by Khaled Ikram

Re-Envisioning Egypt by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.

Living with Heritage in Cairo by Ahmed Sedky

The Poets of Alexandria by Susan A. Stephens

Egyptian Customs and Festivals by Samia Abdennour

Nubian Encounters by Nicholas S. Hopkins

Caliph of Cairo by Paul E. Walker

The River Nile in the Age of the British by Terje Tvedt

Dividing the Nile by David E. Mills

The Turks in Egypt and their Cultural Legacy by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu

Human Capital: Population Economics in the Middle East by Ismail Sirageldin

So, I remember watching this made for TV mini-series about Queen Cleopatra. There was this scene where she and Marc Antony were marveling at the Pyramids and the Sphinx. Marc Antony asked her to tell him the story behind them. Cleopatra said that they were so old that no one really knew which pharaohs built them or for what purpose, though there were legends.

That always struck me as odd. But at the same time, strangely plausible. Considering that Cleopatra lived closer to our time than to the Old Kingdom, it wouldn't be surprising if most of the details about the Pyramids had been lost by then. Also, I'd imagine that modern archeologists with the ability to read hieroglyphs and current findings might actually know more details about that period than someone in 1st century BC Egypt.

Edited for typos.

And how has it changed over time?

Thanks in advance!

Hi i'm doing my IB EE on Seppuku and the 47-Ronin incident but am struggling to find primary sources. Can someone please help or send anything you have?

Would be much appreciated!

Japan not Japam****

Did mountain climbing only really come about in the 18th century? In all the thousands of years celts lived in Britain did nobody actually climb it?

(Any info about historical mountain climbing would be great but the UK is where I'm from)

I have heard online that after the fall of the Soviet union the Russians opened their archives for historical research before restricting access again later in the decade. I would like to know more about this subject and the context surrounding it.

Additional related question: Crassus' business model as a fire brigade was to buy houses at a very low price as they burned down in front of their desperate owners, to rebuild and resell for a profit. How would this transaction go down, exactly? Would they have carried carts full of coins ready for the exchange? Or would there be something more similar to modern credit or a bank transfer?

I'm watching the series 'The Crown' but it only explains from 1947 onwards and I have the doubt of how the government defended the royal family during the bombings of London between 1940 and 1941 perpetrated by the Nazis