During the construction of Rome's sewer, the Cloaca Maxima, the job was so difficult and lengthy that a contagion of suicide spread among the Roman citizens working on it, which was only ended after the king began crucifying the corpses, leaving them to be eaten by birds.

I've got a few questions about this event that Pliny (chap 36, sect 24) seems to treat as an aside. Why was this job uniquely horrible that it prompted mass suicide? Was it common for jobs like this, especially early in Roman history, to be conducted by the citizens instead of slaves? Was defiling a corpse by crucifying it really such an awful fate for a Roman? Or is this entire story concocted out of thin air in order to smear the memory of the king at the time, Tarquinius Priscus, and to make him seem more tyrannical?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

When the introduction of firearms first came to Europe, how immediate was the change from traditional form of warfare to the new? and what was the initial reaction from the European kingdoms to this new form of weaponry?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Do we have any sources to suggest where the Spartans originated?

The Spartan way of life was partly based around the idea they they were foreign invaders in Greece, and that they were at perpetual war with their slaves, the Helots. If this is true, is there any record of where the Spartans came from originally?

Or would anyone more educated in the subject at least like to suggest their best theory?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Prior knowledge of Coventry Blitz?

Is there any reliable evidence that the British government knew about the Coventry Blitz in advance? I heard heard that they knew about it but chose not to act as they didn’t want to reveal they had cracked the Enigma code.

1 Answers 2019-11-04

How did The rules of chess evolve through Time. Were there some additional rules that were erased afterwards, and how/when did The more complex rules (such as en passant) become official?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

How did ancient people treat, depression and stress?

compared to today it seemed like people in ancient times had much better mental health even though they endured a lot more harsh conditions. Surely they must've had some sort of secret to this success? I'm sorry if this question seems repeated it's just I can't find any articles about it online and my Anthropology teacher shrugs her shoulders.

1 Answers 2019-11-04

US Ship Sunk In WW2

There was a US ship sunk by friendly fire in Pasific front line but I do not remember Ships name and battle?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Before they discivered oxygen in 1772, what were people's theories of how they could live?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Why is Krakow not the capital of Poland

From what I understand the city of Krakow has been the capital of Poland in the past such as the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth so why is it Warsaw today?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Did early Norse settlers really clear the forests of Iceland? Why didn't this cause a catastrophe there, like on Easter Island?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

How did the Roman Empire manage to have lions and other wild animals such as giraffes and rhinos for their events at the colosseum ?

I have always been curious of where did these animals come from ? Did the romans capture them and brought them back all the way from Africa ? And if so how did they manage to keep them alive while traveling and how long did it take to transport a lion from Africa to Rome ?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Historical Evidence of Jesus of Nazareth

First, this question is not based on an attempt to question or confirm anyone's religious (or secular) beliefs.

Second, I am aware that there is no conclusive archaeological evidence of Jesus' existence.

From what I have read, I tend to think that there is too little information to decide conclusively either way, but a friend insists the personage of Jesus is clearly a fabrication; for support of his argument, he cites the lack of firsthand accounts, prison records, etc. from the Roman era.

Nevertheless, I am curious, and based on a conversation with this friend (and two popular articles from credible popular periodicals [The Guardian and The New Yorker]) it seems to me the jury is out as to whether or not Jesus ever actually lived.

My layman's understanding is that there is no direct, reliable firsthand account of Jesus' existence in any non-Christian historical document. I am also aware that Flavius Josephus, Tacitus, and other Roman writers and historians did mention Jesus. I am also aware all of these came well after Jesus' supposed date of death.

For the sake of simplicity and clarification, my question is: What is the consensus among historians regarding the existence of Jesus (the man) as a historical figure?

Thank you!

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Looking for information about life in the early 1900s

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1 Answers 2019-11-04

Given that Small Pox wiped out a majority of native Americans...Did the Spaniards ever experience any kinds of diseases from the natives?

Anything remotely close to the small pox epidemic that the natives picked up from the Spanish?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Winston Churchill - Embellished?

Was Winston Churchill really a good PM, or is it simply people remembering him for the war?

What were his domestic policies, and how did they play out over his tenure?

Was his bureaucratic style of leadership effective at all post-war?

Thank you for any answers.

1 Answers 2019-11-04

What was life like for the visually impaired way back when?

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1 Answers 2019-11-04

There is a common conception within Irish popular history that Ireland's low level of forest cover is primarily due to extractive deforestation and resource exploitation under Norman/English/British rule. How accurate is this statement?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Did Templars know how to read and write?

I'm writing a book involving a vampire who was once a Templar and I'm thinking of making him initially uneducated, would this be historically accurate?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

How well was Shakespeare's work received in Elizabethan England? Was his work groundbreaking and better than his contemporaries, or was it largely the same as other works of the time?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

How much of the recovery of the US economy can be attributed to FDR and how much can be attributed to the Second World War?

I have been reading Elizabeth Warren's latest book, and she seems to almost totally credit America's transition from a boom-and-bust economy to a stable one to FDR and his increases in regulations for banks, corporations, and the stock market, and not really to the War.

How true is this? Obviously, the truth is somewhere in the middle, and from what I've read, there's no definite consensus among historians, but I'd like to get the perspectives of more knowledgeable people about this. Thanks!

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Around AD290 the Roman Empire exprinced hyperinflation. Do we know how that effected life in Roman cities?

I mean did Romans just stop going to the markets & taverns in their cities, because they’d need a bucket full of coins to pay for anything, or did local economies just stop using state currency for that kind of daily commerce?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

Did the farmers and other people who believed in norse mythology who lived out of war fear going to hel if they did not die in combat?

so in more detail the ones who didnt or were done fighting in the viking age but still had faith in the old gods fear that they would go to hel if they did not find a way to die in combat?

Such as women or old farmers who's fighting days were behind them not worry about not entering the gates of Valhalla? What did they do in this predicament?

1 Answers 2019-11-04

What happened to the Geats? Did they migrate to Anglo-Saxon England?

I was listening to The History of English Podcast and the host mentioned something that really caught my attention. A theory is discussed in the 42nd episode of the podcast (see link) concerning the fate of the Geats, a Scandinavian Germanic tribe originally from what is now southern Sweden. The theory suggests that as the Swedes expanded south and conquered Götaland, many Geats migrated to Anglo-Saxon England, eventually settling in East Anglia. This could potentially help explain why Beowulf, an epic not set in England but rather in Denmark and the Scandinavian peninsula, most notably in the land of the Geats, was found in the Old English body of literature. The theory apparently is supported by some evidence such as the similarities between the names of the first dynasty of East Anglia, the Wuffingas, and the ruling family of the Geats, the Wulfings, the fact that the Sutton Hoo ship burial, a funereal practice more so associated with Scandinavia than England, is found in East Anglia, and similarities between artifacts described in Beowulf as geatish and those found in the Sutton Hoo burial. All that being said, is it widely accepted in history academia that some or most Geats migrated from Scandinavia to East Anglia following the expansion of the Swedes into what is today southern Sweden? Is there more current research into this subject? I would very much be interested.

Link: https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/2014/05/06/episode-42-beowulf-and-other-viking-ancestors/

1 Answers 2019-11-03

Why, of all the empires, did Egypt have its name for its emperor stay in common parlance?

You don't really hear English speakers mention sar Babili or Maharajadhiraja for example, so what makes pharaoh stand out?

1 Answers 2019-11-03

Why didn't medieval armor ever persist in a ceremonial role?

Many ceremonial uniforms exist today from 19th century uniforms that fell off as modern camouflage or cheaper made fatigues became dominant.

However, why did no ceremonial guard retain proper knightly attire to the modern era? Or why did no newly formed one harken back to medieval armor? The closest are the Swiss Guard and similar ones, but those are still much more modern.

1 Answers 2019-11-03

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