Are we currently living in a post-apocalyptic world?And if so what societies have been affected and what was the outcome.

Corn, turkeys, and God’s Gift the Potato have become deeply imbedded into western cuisine and agriculture, but I’m unaware of anything coming from the ‘2nd New World’.

Basically the title, what made the lion so important to these people and why was it included in English, Scottish, or Danish flags when Europe has no lions.

Was there any animosity between mercenaries from different parts of the US (North vs. South)?

How did soldiers believe the US civil war compared to the Chinese civil war they were currently fighting in?

I'm interested in having a broad knowledge of the interiors and exteriors of the following types of 7th century buildings in England: abbeys and religious buildings, common folks houses, houses of the nobility and taverns.

I don't know alot about germanic migration between 100 and 500 AD but always found it particularly odd how the vandals, visigoths, ostrogoths and Franks who settled most of western Europe had their language evolved from old Germanic to the romance languages of today such as italian, french, Spanish, Portuguese etc. So what really happened? Was it because of christianity or was it the remaining roman inhabitants that caused it?

When thinking of early 19th century Cavalry images of French cuirassiers, Heavy British greys,brightly coloured hussars, Russian cossacks,Polish uhlans, The list goes on. But what was the Cavalry of America like before the rootin' tootin' cowboys of the west? Was there as big of a focus as in European armies and did it play as much of a factor? Even during the later part of the century and the civil war I'm not aware of cavalry being used as decisively as on the continent. If it did play a large factor is there any reason why it is not as remembered as much?

How did the collection of taxes go and how well was this documented? Let’s take the medieval period as an example.

From what I understand you had multiple ‘local’ collectors who would collect and document the collected taxes. But how did they decide how much one owed? How would they know if someone already payed or not, and how could this be (dis)proven? Also was tax calculated per household or per person (if so from what age)?

What happened if there where irregularities in the documentation, or these documents were lost, burned or destroyed?

I’m really interested in this and would love to hear about it! I understand this might be different from one country/kingdom to another! Sources or other links to other reddit threads where this is discussed are also welcome!

The Romans implemented concrete on a mass scale resulting in it being used in all corners of the empire. The majority of the Roman architectural wonders were constructed in large part out of concrete; it was everywhere. And yet, when the Roman Empire collapsed so did the use of concrete in all societies, my question for you, is why? It seems unlikely that the recipe for concrete was simply forgotten overnight, and yet, whenever I look for sources or information on the matter I turn up dry. Can anyone provide some insight on the matter?

I watched Sharpe's Rifles and there seems to be a disdain for Sharpe amongst the soldiers of the 95th Rifles as Sharpe was a soldier promoted to an officer, why would this be and how common was this in the British army during the Napoleonic wars?

After Georg Louis of Hannover ascended to the throne of Great Britain, how important was the German territory of Hannover to the British empire? For example during the 7 years war French troops besieged Göttingen and occupied Hannover as well as other hannoverian holdings on the continent. What kind of effect would this have had on the hannoverian king of Britain and the wider kingdom as a whole?

Edit: Britain in the title because I am dumb.

Did the Turks respect the martial abilities of the Franks? Did they found them particularly untrustworthy? How did this opinion evolved during the Crusade?

My understanding is that the Anglo-Norman army took up the longbow after 12th century battles with the Welsh. Were the Welsh using the longbow to such a devastating effect that they caused this massive change? Where did they get the longbow and the archery culture from to cause this uptake

Archers are described as part of William the Bastard's army during Hastings; were they using large selfbows made from continental yew or something different?

Imperial Rome had Sagittarie as well as archer auxilliae during their occupation of Britain but they (to my understanding) exclusively used Eastern composite bows. Did the natives pick up archery in battle from them or did they already have such (any information I hear from the Roman conquest of the island only mentions the chariots and light infantry scrum).

Is there any information about early middle ages battles involving the bow? Did the anglo-saxons and Scandinavians truly use exclusively spear and shieldwall combat? Was there any ranged weapon designed to break a shieldwall or skirmish?

Is there any information about the make up of a Welsh army pre Norman invasion and if that involved an archer corps?

To clarify further: did the Spartans utilize tactics unique to them as a military?

I'm currently writing a historical fantasy about Mesopotamia during the reign of Hammurabi and Samsi-Adad(circa. 1770-60 BCE). I've done a lot of research(Relative. Odds are I probably still have to do a lot more.) on Assyrian tactics of the time. My question is about what kinds of tactics and strategies were used to defend a city rather than attack it, but I would also be grateful for any interesting tidbits about the offense. For the sake of efficiency this is what I already know: Dirt ramps, battering rams, siege towers, starvation, ladder rushes, machicolation-like battlements, watchtowers and technology of individual weapons like composite bows. Sources would be much appreciated and thank you.

Usually, when we think about Columbian Exchange, there's a focus on its consequences in Europe and Americas, possibly Africa when it comes to slavery.

But what did it change in Asia, Islamic, South-East (from India to Indonesia) and Far-East Asia? Did new species (both vegetal or animals) and new ideas about the world found a fertile ground for a quick adoption or, barring, knowledge about them? What about diseases?

I'm doubtful that every change in material or intellectual life was passively received from Europeans; but was there a direct interest of Asian polities and cultures about newly discovered lands?

Was the European monopole on access to Americas resented, acknowledged or ignored?

I am looking for any documentation or evidence related to the use of tetrahedral blocks used for torture, specifically forcing the victim to walk, stand or lie on them.

I remember someone presenting the fact that dice, specifically the tetrahedral ones, are explicitly mentioned in the geneva convention as being part of a practice that fell under the category of torture.

I recall asking for evidence of this claim and they did show me something, it was not part of the geneva convention, and it did not refer to them as dice but something like "triangular wooden blocks" but I do recall it being from a reputable source.

Unfortunately I can't find any information about this at all, I am not asking you all to go down a rabbit hole of research, I am hoping that someone who sees this recalls exactly what I am talking about or something related.

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Edit: the document was probably from between 1930 and 1960, probably the 40s.

Did the US government strip away any land rights from these groups, for instance, or were all Native nations treated with equal violent racism?

Hello reddit, So I have always been curious about my surname Tannous. I know my Father and Grandfather is from Amman Jordan and heard my great grandparents are from Lebanon. My grandmother was born in Bethlehem and is Catholic. My father was raised Greek Orthodox. I am desperately searching for the meaning of my family name. Any bit of info helps

Especially in the last 100 years or so of the empire, 1850-1950ish.

I mean the British had to operate a large fleet, and garrisons, and many talented people went overseas instead of improving the homeland, and railroads were built in Africa instead of Britain, and so on. I ask because Germany did pretty well during this time (or would have if they hadn't lost the wars) and they didn't have an empire to speak of. How could this be so if the Empire give Britain a big economic advantage?