I mean, north of Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rhineland-Pfalz, and Saarland. Special emphasis on areas that are part of the old Saxon heartland, and the maritime cultures. I am interested in actual period clothing from the last 200-400 years, not modern uniforms for things like dance groups, parades, festivals, et cetera.

Apparently, nobody has ever asked this question on the Internet, so lt pleases me to be the first. How did the trilled R come about? It's in every language in one form or another, yet lt's unlike any other phoneme.

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Hey there!

So this is a question I've been trying to research, and am kind of having a hard time finding. I am trying to build a diorama of a "modern," small scale hydraulic mine that would rely on renewable energy such as water turbines, and not use industrial wash plants, combustible engines, or similar equipment. I want to know if there are any texts about historic hydraulic mining that serve as a guide for constructing all necessary structures, (i.e. impoundment dams, flumes, penstocks, and sluice boxes) as well as providing necessary information on mathematical equations for constructing such structures depending on the amount of water and material that is intended to be processed. Basically, what texts would be great references in constructing an accurate diorama? Thank you!!!

At what point did someone realize they had a common element, or did people always think they did? How was alcohol itself first isolated?

When I was young in my 7th grade history class I learned that the north fought for the freeing of slaves while the south fought for states rights. I learned rather quickly that the south was fighting for the ability to own human beings and it had very little to do with states rights. Yet, I doubt that the Union soldiers would gather on mass in the most bloody war in American history to stick out their neck for what was often a class that was seen equal to cattle. Is it known what was the real reason most fought for the Union army?
I have no background in any of this. If I am totally off the mark please correct me. Thank you.

Romans and many other countries managed to put together tens of thousands of soldiers just to make average sized armies. When facing Hannibal romans lost literally tens of thousands just in one battle, then they got up, assembled a new army and lost 15k men, and again, and again and again.

But when i read about medieval armies they rarely achieve those numbers.

why is that?

They didn’t have modern sunscreen or bug repellent, so was it more common then what we see today?

On November 9, 1989 the East German government was going to make an announcement regarding apparently travel between East and West Berlin. It most certainly was not intended to open the wall entirely, but a miscommunication and misunderstanding of what they were going to do led to the border being reopened.

But was was the original intent of what East Germany wanted to do? What did the announcement actually say?

In Book II Section 1 line 32 of the Penguin Classics version of Epictetus Discourse and selected writings (page 80) it reads "But wasn't Socrates a writer, and a prolific one at that". This passage then has the associated note "Socrates is generally thought not to have written anything, so this passage is a puzzle".

Are there any explanations for why Epictetus' view on Socrates here is so contrary to the modern one of him not writing things down?

I understand that they were developed in secret. I'm not sure what anyone could expect of their potential.

I am looking particularly at the Postmodernists such as Derrida, Foucault and their colleagues. Also, if you could recommend some biographies or histories of that group, it would be appreciated.

At what point did the rulers from the Paduspanid dynasty stop practicing zoroastrianism and convert to islam? Wikipedia states 15th century, but not any specific years, 100 years is too unspecific. I did hear someone say they were zoroastrian "in secret" until 1453, when the senior branch of the dynasty went extinct and the Nur branch inherited their holdings, but no sources.

Basically I would like to know the historical context of the invention of the firearm. Was it originally meant for killing other humans? (i.e. military/protection from other humans) Or was it more geared toward hunting for food?

A little background on me to give this question context. I'm from New England, my dad is white and my mom is black, yesterday I was talking to my grandpa about what it was like for him growing up in a small town in Western Massachusetts in the 1930s, 40s and 50s (I have some questions about that as well, he told me that he didn't know there was prejudice growing up, he had mostly white friends, went to a mostly white church, his family had dinner at white neighbors homes and, in his words he "got teased for looking like a dago or some kind of Portuguese more than for being from thr negro race" and I am curious if this was a common thing for New England at that time, WEB DuBois grew up one town over a few generations previous and also apparently had a very good experience, but that's for another post), and the topic of politics came up. He's a Republican, he's been a Republican his whole life and said the only time he voted Democrat in any election was in 1964's presidential election, I started asking him what were the things he believed that made him a Republican and he said that he was against corruption and for merit, against monopolies, good government and the constitution, that he supported the New Deal but thought that it made the government too large and encoraged corruption and idleness. He said a lot of other things about politics but for this question I think these are most relevant. To me this is very confusing, I thought the Democrats were the New Deal party and the GOP was against the New Deal, but I have been reading that there were many Democrats against the New Deal and Republicans for the New Deal and they formed cross party coalitions against each other. I knew that there was a rift in the Democrats about Civil Rights that caused many kg them to work with the GOP which was wholly pro-integration, but I thought that was the exception.

So, what were the key issues that mace someone choose to be a Democrat or Republican?

I have been studying evolution in biology, and I was looking to integrate and continue it into my love of history. I was looking for good podcasts, or videos that would cover these subjects; And what are some lesser known sources that are really good?

If it needs to be an exact year it would be at about 15000bce-1200bce. Especially the spread of tribes throughout the world.

Thank you, and I read the rules, but if I missed something and this post breaks one, I apologize, if you could tell me which sub would be better I would be very thankful.

Specifically interested in the Crusades (Northern and the ones for Jerusalem) and how crusaders interacted with the local populace.

I have read the entirety of the Fenian and Ulster myth cycles, but am asking any fellow historians for good sources of what I guess I'd call practical wisdom and philosophy such as what is in the Havamal?

Since this is the 74th Anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima, I have seen a lot of debate about whether or bombing were justified with both sides discussing how close to surrender they were.

I've seen people say that with Russia joining the war and the destruction of most of their air force and navy that the Japanese were attempting negotiations. Then I've also seen people say that even after the atomic bombs were dropped that the Japanese Ministry of War urged the people to continue the fight, before being overruled by the Emperor.

So, just how close was Japan to surrendering before the bombs dropped?

I know that there are several translations available online, and was wondering if there was one that comes better recommended.