From my understanding August wasn't an Emperor formally. And if the explanation is that he was a de facto Emperor, wouldn't you start with Caesar who was even more of an autocratic leader?

I am assuming August somehow transformed Rome into an empire while during Caesar's time it was still a republic in some sense. So by what criteria do we consider August to be the first one?

How close were they to winning? Why didn’t they? What do you think would happen if they did?

But I've read Germany was developing one also. My question is and this may sound silly.. how did Germany and America both invent a brand new weapon at the same time as each other?

I know technology moves at certain rates but how is it that they both knew to start making an atomic bomb at practically the same time?

A professor of mine's mentioned that Chinese lacked a punctuation system until in recent history from Western influence. Apparently, one could know where to stop based on the writing. However I can't imagine that, as the decades passed from the creation of a text, scholars would still be able to read it without trouble. Were there any attempts to develop punctuation?

We know that Greeks and Phoenicians had colonies in Europe and Africa. Did they colonized same way British, French, etc. did? If answer is no, what was the difference?

Auschwitz survivor Magda Brown was in 2015 quoted in the Chicago Tribune as asking of a camp guard on trial ""I wonder how many nightmares he had?". As an emergency worker with an interest in PTSD I'm interested to know whether the relative personal safety and ideological rationalisation these criminals operated with protected them from longterm psychological damage.

They seemed in every other aspect to have grabbed everybody they could, to hopelessly throw in front of the Red Army. Was the desperation of the Nazi regime sufficient enough to overcome, at least a small part of their hyper patriarchal views on women in combat?

On the little tours I guide, we travel through a village called Danby which comes from Dane+by and I talk a bit about the different names that Those People have had - Norse, Northmen, Danes, Vikings etc. I was curious about the current state of play.

I've often seen a list of the 14 steps towards fascism, including "rampant sexism." I'm generally pretty aware of the basics of Nazi/Soviet/Italian fascist ideology, but I'm not sure where sexism fits into them.

What are some examples of the sexist dimensions of these ideologies (or other fascism)? Were they generally more sexist than other contemporary cultures? Has there ever been a somewhat gender-egalitarian fascist regime?

The list, for anyone who hasn't seen it:

Powerful and continuing nationalism

Disdain for human rights

Identification of enemies as a unifying cause

Supremacy of the military

Rampant sexism

Controlled mass media

Obsession with national security

Religion and government intertwined

Corporate power protected

Labor [sic] power suppressed

Disdain for intellectuals & the arts

Obsession with crime & punishment

Rampant cronyism & corruption

Fraudulent elections

As we all know, transgender people, regardless of how they’re accepted around the world, are still a tiny minority in comparison to the total population of humans.

I think it’s safe to say they were most likely a minority in all of human history too. What I wonder is how they were viewed, especially in comparison to the wide spectrum of opinions surrounding transgender people in today’s world.

There is increasing talk about EU abandoning the Daylight-saving time rules and mostly move to UTC+2 throughout the year. This seems to be motivated by the desire to change the usual business hours for -1 hours relative to the Sun. But, if people actually want the business hours to be 8-to-4, why are they 9-to-5? I could not find the reason for this convention. If there is a good reason, then further departing from the solar noon would probably lead to moving the working hours again.

I’m writing an essay of French nationalism under napoleons rule and I have to have a primary source but I have no idea where to find anything like that. Any suggestions?

Hello!
I am currently writing a book set in these periods and I was wondering how many times a day did people use to pray or go to church. Were most people religious? Did religious practices differ by the social class, and if so, what were the differences? My main focus is on the Protestantism, but I would like to know what were the common views about Catholicism and Jews in these periods as well.

Thank you for reading this post and I appreciate any help!

I heard of Phoenicians, Assyrians, Arameans and Arabs, but how was it actually? What do historians say?

I presume that it was mostly a period of drawing down forces, certainly, but four years is a long time, and of course it is especially interesting given the American/NATO presence in Germany for the period. Was there any extension of that into the former DDR during that period?

Even without a real physical presence, it seems like an unparalleled opportunity for comparatively open and unrestricted access by Western 'eyes' for closeups of Soviet equipment positioned in Germany. Was this the case at all?

Likewise, the Bundeswehr and NVA were consolidating in that period. Given, I would expect, some level of cooperation and integration between the NVA and Red Army up to that point, how did the continued Russian presence in that period relate to the consolidation then ongoing?