Was there some sort of special technique to it, or did they simply leave the lance in their enemy's corpse and pull out their side arm?

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I was learning about Hampton Court Palace and I read a part saying how Cardinal Tomas Wolsey who first owned the palace, built rooms for King Henry VIII, Katherine of Aragon (Henry's first wife), and their daughter Mary I. This lead me to wonder when people started sleeping in the same bed together. Then I found out has been happening for a long time, with whole families sharing beds for warmth. After learning this I wanted to know when people started sharing beds to show how much they love each other, because now when people don't share beds if they are partners it is seen as they don't love each other as much. When did this shift of bedroom opinions happen?

While I know many of the reasons for this practice (lack of space in prisons -> use of prison hulks; getting rid of criminals), I would be interested to know who supported and opposed it. I tried googling it, but could find very little about it.

Since it was finally abolished in 1868, there had to be some strong opponents of transportation as a form of punishment, right?

Who got the idea to just send convicts off to Australia in the first place? What were their arguments?

What about the church? Did they 'care' about this as they probably would today? Or did they just blindly agree to whatever the gvt thought was right?

Cadburys, Barclays bank, Llodys bank, Rowntrees, Fry's and Clarks .etc where all started by Quakers, what was behind the success of Quakers in business?

There is a whole passage on The Republic concerning what Plato's imagined city should do about war with other hellenic states. The warriors of his utopia shoudn't enslave men or kill women and children from these states, even on war.

How did the term Hellenic came to be? And Greek (which I imagine is a much more modern word)?

EDIT: Corrected typo

I’m playing through uncharted but I started thinking of Indiana Jones and goonies, is there any truth to civilizations being able to make traps like the India jones boulder or doors that close on a timer?

Still a sophomore in college, but have a good GPA (3.9ish) and will be looking for research opportunities at my state university this year. I am most interested in a mix of the two above, are these areas viable for tenure track positions?

In a lot of retrospectives and articles about Verdun people say that the Germans attacked it because it had symbolic importance to the French, meaning they would spend more resources to recapture it beyond what it’s military value warranted. Yet I haven’t seen much info on why the French thought Verdun was so symbolically important. I also want to be clear that I don’t mean the way Verdun became a symbol because of the WWI battle that took place there, I’m asking about why it was symbolic to the French before the Battle of Verdun.

Throughout Europe, there are places, surnames, and first names which bear the names of the old Celtic, Norse, Slavic, etc. gods and goddesses. For example, “Thor” is still a common name in Scandinavia and many Germanic names are references to old “heathen” beliefs. But if Christianity was so forcibly impressed upon the peoples of Europe, why were these names not changed? Or for those Europeans who converted of their own volition, why wouldn’t they change their names on their own?

I grew up during the time period but was still in high school by the Time Bush left office having pardoned everyone. I am interested what we have been able to discover since the investigations have finished.

Hi I recently became interested in beheadings - not because im gruesome and weird but because i didnt know such interesting facts about them that put them in a different light. I learned that being beheaded was actually an upper class way of death - either that or be hanged or burned. I learned that people would forgive and tip their executioners to do a good job. I also found out that you go unconscious after about 8 seconds and possibly feel your head hit the ground after you are decapitated. One thing im not sure about is the whole holding up the head business. I thought it was to show the crowd the head but i read around and some people say it was to show the head the crowd since the head is still conscious for a bit. Is that true?

in 1985 it was the 2nd largest economy but after 1991 it wasn't even in top 10

I'm doing research in these areas and while I've found some scholars to read it's not many. I was hoping others might be able to point me to more.

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So we all know that 99% of people fighting in medieval ages, let's say between the 11th and the 13-14th century, (the time most people refer to when they say "this is medieval") -medieval-ages didn't wear plate.

Most people also didn't wear any sort of mail or brigandine or scale type of armor.

Most people were just normal peasants, sellswords, etc. who wore Aketon / Gambeson & helmet, carried a spear, shield and an axe / warhammer / if rich enough a Messer / Falchion as a backup and a dagger. Proper armor was just way to difficult to manufacture and the material cost was through the roof, for mail aswell since there was no butted mail, there was only riveted mail, and rivited mail takes quite some time if you have to forge every single piece of metal, bend it to a ring and rivet it.

Brigandine was also very expensive since metal in general was very expensive and riveting a buttload of metal plates to a shirt is also not done all that quickly. Sames goes for scale armor. And leather armor wasn't a thing because back then leather was way more expensive than cloth and had no real protective use (You can cut through that stuff with a sword, and it does nothing to stop a club if you treat it with medieval methods of leathermaking and don't use super strong factory made today-leather)

Right. So now that we've got all of that out of the way:

Why was there no massive amount of normal goon soldiers who would wear wood armor? What's stopping me, a normal gambeson wearing dude, from just asking the neighboring carpenter or whoever just has some boards of wood ready to cut those up for me, drill some holes in, and let me sew it onto a big shirt to wear above my gambeson, essentially creating a wooden Brigandine?

It would do pretty well to stop a sword, since you can't go through wood with a sword really, especially if I'm wearing thick Gambeson underneath. It would help a little bit with blunt trauma, same way bringandine helps with it, since the whole thing is somewhat sturdy and helps to distribute the blunt force, making it less dangerous. I could use some thin but long boards to protect my torso, creating a kind of wooden plate armor, and i'd imagine it would be reasonably protective.

Like, if I've got a board of good sturdy oak wood infront of my chest, there's no going through that with a sword, I think we can all agree on that. And if there's soft Gambeson beneath the board, there's also no hurting me using a spiked club or something. There's also not REALLY any way to get through that with an arrow if it's somewhat thick enough, and again, if there was gambeson beneath it, I'd be pretty well protected with my wooden oak board.

So do you guys have any idea why there was not this huge amount of people who wound wear wooden protection gear to protect the torso in medieval europe?

I have some WW2 ships and i thought they were recognition ships but someone has pointed out the stamp under the ship and apparently they are tremo model ships?

In case I'm not being clear, I mean that most popular music bands ranging from as far back as the forties are guitar-centric, and leading with (or even including) a non-guitar instrument makes your band "niche". Why didn't the piano or the trumpet or the saxophone take off into center stage of popular music?

I am currently taking a Jewish history class and one of the largest topics covered is the historical persecution of people of Jewish descent. My question is simply "why?". What has made so many people and groups hate this tiny subset of people?

My first thought was that racism was a large factor, but most Jewish people (at least the ones that I know) could easily pass as a white person, so it doesn't really make sense for this to be the main element.

We learned in class that Jewish people have been expelled from something like 100 countries over the course of history, and more recently were targeted by Nazis. I just don't understand how and why they have been so hated.

Before, anyone asks, yes I did already ask my professor, but she didn't really give a solid answer, (she said people just have an ingrained antisemitism). So please someone help me out.

Can't seem to find any info on this. Was it all blunt melee weapons? It seems like they were pretty dedicated to hand-to-hand combat. Thanks!