How much should I believe Marco Polo?

There's been a lot of talk about Marco Polo in this sub but not this question.

Reading his book there are things that are obviously true, who ruled where, who won which battles, what people sell and produce in different cities, the customs and superstitious may be exaggerated or misunderstood but one can trust them.

Then there are things which are obviously not true, like everything he says about Prester John, this are things that he probably added to make the book more enticing I guess.

Then there are things that aren't true but Marco didn't know, for example he mentions that Mogadishu is in an island but it is in the coast of Somalia, or the relationship between Nayan and Kublai. I give him a pass with those, information was very hard to verify in the 1300 and he was telling all this from memory.

The problem are the things that are feasible enough to be true, or exaggerations of truths, but that is hard to be certain.

For example, he mentions that in Hangzhou there were no beggars, because homeless people were given houses and food, was that true?, is there some truth to it?, another example is he mentions cannibalism in Japan of war prisoners, if that happened it probably was due to the Mongols destroying crops and food supplies, and probably didn't happen again, but it could have happened.

And there are a thousand more things like that in the book which I am skeptical of and don't know if I should trust or not.

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Do you believe

I was taught in school that Adolf Hitler committed suicide with his new wife in his bunker April 30, 1945. Do you believe Hitler actually committed suicide in his bunker or do you believe that he escaped and went to Argentina? Please support your argument with links.

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Did Attila the Hun really die of a bloody nose?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

How effective were Naval Bombardments during World War II?

In many of the war's famous amphibious landings (Normandy, Iwo Jima, Okinawa), allied Naval vessels launched heavy bombardments upon entrenched defenders, only for the attacking troops to be cut down in waves once they reached the beaches. Are these instances atypical for the time period or was there simply a limit as to how effective these pre-invasion bombardments could be?

2 Answers 2017-11-20

How did the Royal Family go about changing their name during World War I?

How did the Royal family announce it to the public? Was there any anger towards the monarchy either for being of German decent or changing it the first place?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

What prompted the Greek Ptolemaic Pharaohs to adopt brother-sister incest within a single generation?

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the second Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt, married his full-blooded sister Arsinoë II. What were the Greek views regarding brother-sister marriage during this period? Was there a great scandal over the marriage in Egypt with the Greeks living there, or in the broader Hellenistic world?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Need help archiving ancient documents

Hello fellow history-lovers;

I’m looking for special sheet protectors to preserve ancient documents! As you may know the ones available on the normal market destroy paper over time because of softeners and acids.

I tried to search for « melinex milar polyester protectors » on google but without luck...

I know that there is a firm in the UK that creates them and sells them to museums around the world but I forgot its name. I would be very thankful if someone knows the name of that firm so I can contact them!

Thank you!

1 Answers 2017-11-20

At what point did Bohemians stop referring to themselves as Bohemians and start referring to themselves as Czechs?

For a good chunk of history, at least according to maps I’ve seen, they mark down the geographical area now known as the Czech Republic as Bohemia. However, after Austria-Hungary disbanded, this area becomes part of Czechoslovakia and then eventually after that, becomes what we now know today as the Czech Republic.

So I guess my question is are Czechs and ‘Bohemians’ essentially the same people/ethnic group but then at one point just decided to change their name? Or did they always refer to themselves as Czechs and Bohemian was just an outsiders way of referring to Czech people?

2 Answers 2017-11-20

The poorer quality of life in the Eastern Bloc compared to the West is often cited as evidence of the inferiority of centrally planned economies. However, Western Europe got a huge head start with the Marshall Plan. How important is this variable when contrasting West/East during Cold War?

2 Answers 2017-11-20

Would early modern men aspire to become a mercenary? Was it an admired job?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Does anyone know how I can find more information on my WWII vet grandfather ?

He was a tail gunner on a B-17 and flew 90 missions in the 9th Air Force unit, His name was George A. Yount. I know a few of his stories from my dad but my grandfather died long before I was born and I’d like to learn more about him and his time in the service, is there any resources that I could use to find information?

2 Answers 2017-11-20

With the death of Charles Manson, a lot of people are making posts partially crediting him with ending the Hippie Era. What did end it and how?

I should be clear that i'm specifically talking about the American hippie culture. Across the threads discussing his death, a common thought that's expressed everywhere is that his actions somehow contributed to the end of the Hippie movement and the culture that goes with it.

Is it true that it was really a contributing factor and if so, how could it impact a whole cultural movement on such a level? Isn't it a bit much to credit this event over other, more directly impactful factors?

2 Answers 2017-11-20

Are there financial records on how much each kingdom/country that participated in colonialism made monthly/yearly?

Good morning everyone. Firstly, I apologise for the long title. Didn't know how else to write it.

Why I asked is that I was more so inspired by the Dutch India Company(VOC in The Netherlands).

The Dutch East India Company in 1637 Value then: 78 million Dutch Guilders // Adjusted to 2012 dollars: $7.4 trillion

Source

2nd Source

When I started reading some of these, I began wondering how much the Colonial countries that participated in Colonialism made monthly or yearly?. Hope you can understand what I am asking. If not, feel free to ask so I can better clarify!

Thanks again for your time :)

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Why were the drivers of automobile vehicles never called "captain", yet the drivers of a boat/ship and aircrafts are?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Monday Methods Discussion Post: "It's actually about ethics in historical research" – Questions on ethical engagement with the field of academic history.

Welcome to Monday Methods – a weekly feature we discuss, explain and explore historical methods, historiography, and theoretical frameworks concerning history.

Despite the less than stellar quip in the title, today's topic is a rather serious one and has been inspired by users /u/cordis_melum and /u/StoryWonker who raised some of these issues in the sub recently. Namely, it is about the question, what an ethical engagement with our field and our material as historians can and should look like.

This point has been raised in the past extensively by my colleague /u/snapshot52 in his MM post about Ethical Engagement of researchers with tribes but going beyond the (massive) question of researcher's impact and engagement with indigenous peoples, it is known that archaeology, history, and anthropology have based their research, in part, on data obtained via unethical practices (e.g. looting of artifacts, forced contact of otherwise uncontacted indigenous peoples).

In addition, historically, academia was and is used on behalf of and to justify ideologies and institutions that we do not agree with and consider unethical (e.g. colonialism and imperialism, scientific racism). Even today, parts of our body of knowledge come from such problematic research sourced by material data obtained via dubious methods.

This of course begs several questions (as /u/cordis_melum pointed out): What is our duties as inheritors of that academic tradition? Is it possible for us to rectify those wrongs? How far should we go to make things right? How do we try to not repeat past mistakes, and how do we avoid making mistakes like this for future generations of academics?

However, even if we deal with these difficult and very large questions that concern ideological institutions or outright political (ab)use of history for contemporary political goals, the question of ethical engagement is one that can even concern public parts of our field that at first seem unsuspicious.

Going into the specific examples asked about by /u/StoryWonker in our recent AMA on the new CoD game: When working on or engaging with media products such as CoD WWII or Battlefield 1, we as historians are aware that what is portrayed is at least inspired by the sacrifices and suffering of real human beings in the past. How ethical is it to support or work on an entertainment product that turns these real sacrifices and sufferings into, well, entertainment.

Is it ethical, say, for a museum to offer its artifacts for photogrammetry so developers can create in-game models from them, or to give developers access to otherwise-closed archives so they can more accurately capture the experience of war as it pertains to shooting dehumanised simulacra of the very real dead?

Surprisingly, there has been little reflection on these questions within the field at large: Archaeologists do have guidelines and reflections on dealing with material culture and (historical) Anthropologists have also developed ways to ethically engage with living subjects of their study but historical academia has to some extent been missing their chance to integrate some of these thoughts and ideas into the field in a generalized way.

How much responsibility we have in engage with the public is always going to be a point for discussion in the field most likely but to develop methods and write reflections what kind of ethical engagement we should have with the people of the past has despite its obvious importance never really been codified or written about in an exhaustive manner.

The question whether the above raised questions can even be answered in a satisfying manner is one not really asked so far but one that is still with us in our work.

Discuss these questions and your opinions on such matters below in the comments. I am curious as to hear what opinions people have on this.

3 Answers 2017-11-20

Why are relations between Greece and Turkey strained while relations between Romania and Turkey are normal?

Greece gained independence from the Ottomans in 1832

Romania gained independence from the Ottomans in 1878

Both countries have had conflicts with the Ottomans spanning multiple centuries.

Yet if you look at today's relations Romania has a pretty normal (almost friendly) relationship with Turkey while Greece remained in an adversarial (almost hostile) relationship.

I would have expected the opposite since Romania gained independence half a century after Greece. It is true that Romania was never under direct pashalik control with a pasa and mostly remained a tributary state but there's still a bloody history between Turks and Romanians.

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Why did certain religious folk just stop updating their fashion at a certain time? Jews, The Pope, etc. When and why did their dress switch from contemporary to traditional?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Many US states were, for a short time, their own independent countries. Were there any wars between two of these micronations before they joined the Union?

3 Answers 2017-11-20

Iranian / Persian famine from 1917-1919 which claimed 8-10 million lives,Can anyone here teach us more about it?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Do historians have a guess as to what information the Nazis destroyed as the Allies approached?

I'm watching the movie Downfall and so many documents are being destroyed. Does anyone have any ideas about what such documents contained?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

When and how did the earliest cults of Louis XVI begin to pop up?

I know that the Royalists tried to prop up his legacy after his execution and Pope Pius tried to canonize him, but I'm looking for the positive perceptions of Louis after his death rather than the typical negative associations following the Revolution.

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Why does Turkey deny the Armenian genocide so vehemently when the genocide was done by the Ottomans, not the current Turkish state?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Why did Vietnam War era Americans hate the soldiers who came home?

I understand protestors believed it was an unjust war, but they had to know the majority of those kids coming home from war never wanted to be there and probably felt the same, if not more angry, about the war than the protestors.

1 Answers 2017-11-20

What did Hitler do his first week in power?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

Historians, is there a method for overcoming the inability to remember historical dates/years? I'm not sure if this is allowed on this sub, but I think it has to do with the "historical method".

I'd like to be able to remember dates and even the names of certain historical figures, but no matter how hard I study or try to remember, I only have a hazy understanding of history. This is not good because history is the only subject I like and I was hoping to pursue a career in history, but this will be difficult if I can't remember a single thing! In fact, I can read a whole biography of Woodrow Wilson, and not even be able to tell you where he was born, the name of his wife or even what number president he was. How can I have a better understanding/memory of history?

1 Answers 2017-11-20

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