Why did the allies decide to land at Gallipoli (WW1)? Looking at a map, there seem to be lots of more suitable spots for a large-scale amphibious landing.

The geography of the Gallipoli peninsula, being hilly and very narrow, seems to work in the Ottomans favour, offering many possibilities to set up defensive positions and funnel the enemy into bottlenecks. Why didn't the allies land further north on the mainland, where there are large stretches of coastal plains. From there they could have assaulted the penninsula from the rear (or both ends) or go straight for the capital, Istanbul. I assume, the commanders in charge had their reasons but I'd like to know what they were.

3 Answers 2017-10-17

What happened to after world war 2 to people with the surname Hitler? Did they all change their names? Was it a rare name to begin with? Are there any other famous Hitlers?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

Are there any Capitalist dictators?

With a lot of Godwin’s law (relating people to Hitler) going on lately, I noticed something particularly weird. While dictators can be socially progressive or conservative (though most of the terrible ones in history are usually conservative), all of their regimes are usually Socialist or Communist. I understand that it’s much easier to control a State if all the business is under the governments control, but have their been any Capitalist or Classical Liberalist dictators?

Note: I consider Fascism as economically Socialist, however it is certainly socially conservative

1 Answers 2017-10-17

When was the moon first conceptualized as a very large object made out of rock?

Did doing so rely on certain technology advancements or were there cultures and thinkers that could tell just by looking?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

What was the general quality of communist era Russian education? Were there any particular areas of excellence where they equaled, if not, surpassed their western counterparts? If so, why?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

Why did the nazis form concentration camps instead of simply killing all identified Jews?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

Why were people so incredibly cruel to the Great Auk's before they went extinct?

I was reading about the Great Auk, I had no idea that they had even existed. It was fascinating learning how they helped early Viking explorers and were a staple food source of most N. Atlantic peoples from both sides of the ocean.

It seems they were clumsy/slow birds on land and they were easily caught. They were prized for their down feathers and eggs and were hunted to extinction.

This is awful but it all makes sense, humans are stupid.

But why were they so cruel? In the wiki article about the birds there is this quote:

The great auk had disappeared from Funk Island by 1800. An account by Aaron Thomas of HMS Boston from 1794 described how the bird had been slaughtered systematically until then:

If you come for their Feathers you do not give yourself the trouble of killing them, but lay hold of one and pluck the best of the Feathers. You then turn the poor Penguin adrift, with his skin half naked and torn off, to perish at his leasure. This is not a very humane method but it is the common practize. While you abide on this island you are in the constant practize of horrid cruelties for you not only skin them Alive, but you burn them Alive also to cook their Bodies with. You take a kettle with you into which you put a Penguin or two, you kindle a fire under it, and this fire is absolutely made of the unfortunate Penguins themselves. Their bodys being oily soon produce a Flame; there is no wood on the island

It seems like the author is totally aware of how cruel and inhumane he is being, yet totally unperturbed.

The whole article is filled with scenes of unwarranted cruelty:

Museums, desiring the skins of the great auk for preservation and display, quickly began collecting birds from the colony. The last pair, found incubating an egg, was killed there on 3 June 1844, on request from a merchant who wanted specimens, with Jón Brandsson and Sigurður Ísleifsson strangling the adults and Ketill Ketilsson smashing the egg with his boot

Another one:

in July 1840, the last great auk seen in Britain was caught and killed. Three men from St. Kilda caught a single "garefowl", noticing its little wings and the large white spot on its head. They tied it up and kept it alive for three days, until a large storm arose. Believing that the bird was a witch and was causing the storm, they then killed it by beating it with a stick

Is there some reason that people were such dickholes to these birds? Or is this just another reminder of how stupid and cruel people are? Especially uneducated people from a long time ago...

1 Answers 2017-10-17

Would the Roman Empire be considered Fascist or Capitalist?

I am curious about what ideology would fit the Roman Empire.

If our idea of politics were around the time of the Roman Empire. How would we view the Roman Empire as what?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

Was history taught at universities before von Ranke? I was taught that history as an academic discipline began with him, yet I recall once reading a mention in passing of a history professor in 18th-c. Scotland (whose name sadly escapes me). What's the deal here?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

What were the religious motives for Dutch exploration in the Age of Exploration?

Sorry if this type of post isn't allowed here but it's for an AP Euro project. I was wondering what the religious motives for the Dutch exploration were. I am really not coming up with many. The Dutch were very religiously tolerant at the time. They seemed to really only be concerned with trade. The two things I have is that the few that did flee were Mennonites, and that while they didn't really participate in much missionary activity, the Dutch East and West India Companies did take the Dutch Reformed Church wherever they went. Thank you for any replies.

1 Answers 2017-10-17

The Decameron written in the 14th century has a lot of bawdy stories about illicit sex, often involving clergy, and seems really cynical toward the Catholic Church. What was the social context of this and what social class was reading the Decameron?

1 Answers 2017-10-17

A professor once gave out an excellent sheet on what to keep in mind when reading a primary source - any thoughts on what to keep in mind?

I remember a few things on it:

Who wrote the primary source?

Why was it written?

Who was it written for?

Any thoughts?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Cannibalism among North American Indians?

I stumbled across this post in the FAL Files website about how American indian cannibalism was rampant prior to their conversion to christianity. The claim says that mainstream archeologists and anthropologists are hiding this evidence because it isn't politically correct. SO were american natives prone to cannibalism or is this conspiracy level stuff?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Hey historians! Just a request here. I want to learn more about the colonization and settlement of the New World. What would you suggest for books, podcasts, YouTube channels, etc?

I am looking for resources that would give me the best understanding of how the New World was settled and colonies and providences were created by different nations and corporations in Europe. How did the English (and English corporations) settle the New World? The French? Spain? Portuguese? Dutch? I would love video, audio and written resource suggestions if you have any. Thank you so much!

2 Answers 2017-10-16

How would European naval combat work during the High to Late Middle Ages?

Did the just ram and board like in Antiquity?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

The accuracy of the German Democratic Republic's designation of assault rifles as Maschinenkarabiner

I'm not quite certain whether this question belongs here, or rather into a firearm-themed subreddit, but given the source and the time period it concerns, I shall try here first.

In a paper on the history of military technology that I have read, it was promoted the idea that the German Democratic Republic's designation Maschinenkarabiner, "machine carbine", of weapons classified as "assault rifles" in the West - that is, automatic weapons firing intermediate cartridge - , adopted for political reasons over the Third Reich propagandist Sturmgewehr for such weapons, is an accurate term from a technological standpoint. This seems, however, to be a contentious proposal: not only is "carbine" defined, to my knowledge, as a shortened version of a given rifle type, firing the same cartridges as that rifle type (i.e. full-powered rifle cartridges), more recently there have also existed carbines of assault rifle types, e.g. the CAR-15/Colt Commando, or the M4, derived from the AR-15/M-16. If an assault rifle is already accurately classified as a carbine, what would that make a carbine assault rifle? Perhaps someone familiar with the history of military technology could elucidate the accuracy of the statement made in that paper in light of these confounding considerations? Much obliged!

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Why did US college campuses need armory buildings?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Have people always referred to "above" and "below" in reference to pages in a book, or is this a development of the computer age?

In many books, particularly textbooks, the author or editor will say "see above" or "see below" in reference to earlier or later pages, respectively, even though pages aren't arranged in a way that this makes immediate sense. Is this a consequence of digital word processors, where (most often) the pages appear in order from top to bottom, where earlier pages really are above and later pages really below? Or is this an older idiom, and, if so, where did it come from?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Instead of being executed why was Napoleon first given an extremely cushy retirement on Elbe and then a relatively cushy retirement on St. Helena? Was it really all just because they didn't want to make him a martyr?

It seems like there was every reason to execute him. He was a product of the French Revolution that had executed the monarchs of France and countless others. Even if he wasn't guilty of treason and war crimes after losing the War of the Sixth Coalition, why wasn't he convicted after escaping from Elbe and launching the the Hundred Days campaign that ended with his defeat at Waterloo? That must have violated all sorts of treaties and oaths. I know they even executed his brother-in-law general Joachim Murat, so why not him?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Did Native American tribes ever encounter Mayan or other South American civilisations before white settlers arrived?

I'm curious as to if there are any recorder encounters between the two before white settlers arrived?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Is the statistic that only 5% of WWII US combat soldiers fired their weapons true?

I once read (in a letter to the editor in a newspaper) the quoted statistic, along with another that during Vietnam, the figure was around 95%.

So, first, is the quoted statistic true, and secondly, if it is true, why was the number so low? How did US military training during WWII differ from latter wars?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

Were the confederates planning on being a democracy after the civil war if they won?

And if they were, wouldn't that break the rule that two democracies can't go to war with each other?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

I'm trying to understand the *hospitalitas* system as described by Perry Anderson in *Passages From Antiquity to Feudalism* (1974). How did it function? How does it connect to the relationship between Germanic and Roman elites in the process by which the latter settled Roman lands?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

What were some of the key tactical innovations of the Napoleonic era? To what extent were these the results of Napoleon, or were Napoleon's victories the culmination of previous tactical and logistical changes?

1 Answers 2017-10-16

How did Greeks "and other cultures" that eat perishable food like yogurt preserved?

Meant to ask how they kept it preserved...

1 Answers 2017-10-16

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