I imagine that with the camera being developed, traditional painters got a ruff competitor and that must have created reactions of some sort. Just how did these reactions look like? How did the camera affect painters position as a working group - did they become fewer in numbers rapidly and did their payment get affected?
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That's more or less the gist of it. Real small question. Was there any specific way that Medieval era firearms were carried? By either soldiers or hunters? I doubt slings and rifle sleeves were exactly in vogue back then.
Did they just sort of carry them around? Did they have slings, as dumb as it feels for me to ask? Just keep them in with the other supplies to be fetched when they were needed? How?
1 Answers 2017-09-04
I just heard on Horrible Histories that towards the end of Henry VIII's life, he would be bricked into his bedroom every night then broken out the following morning. I've never heard this before and it sounds really implausible...
1 Answers 2017-09-04
Hello,
this weekend i talked a bit with my grandma about her experiences in WW2. Something that stood out to me was that she said that the "Tiefflieger" (Strafing planes ) where worse than the bombings. She told me that she witnessed two of this attacks. One on the train she was taking to go to school and one attack targeted at her and some friends when they where watching the highway (?) which forced them to hide in the woods.
The attack against the train seems reasonable but an attack against some childs watching a highway seems unbelievable to me. I tried googling but only found some "questionable" sources
Additional question: Are there documents available where you can see when and where allied planes where flying? This would make it easy to verify this because she remembers the exact date/location of this attacks
Thank you
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I'm mainly asking for Regiment of Foot and militia but I would also be interested in other types of infantry as well.
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I'm not talking about boxing, but street fights.
Generally, the idea of a fair fight is a fight between 2 people (1-on-1) of the same size and sex, who are unrestrained and looking toward one another when the fight begins. To have the opponent held back so that he cannot hit back or block, or to hit him from behind is considered to dishonorable, or a "sucker punch." It is considered highly dishonorable for a one person's associates to join in and beat his opponent, and it is considered unforgivably dishonorable for a man to fight a woman under any circumstances, even if she tries to engage him in a fight, at the same time (quite contradictorily) it is equally dishonorable for a man to be hurt by, or worse yet, lose a fight to a woman.
I understand that these rules are based on fairness, and for the latter a mixture of chivalry and machismo/the fear of emasculation, but they all seem contrary to the actual goal of a street fight, which is to inflict harm on the opponent who presumably offended you in someone.
So, how did these rules develop? Why is a "sucker punch" seen as dishonorable, but a sneak attack on an unsuspecting enemy during a war is honorable strategic prowess? Why is having your associates jump in dishonorable, but bringing a large army to battle and asking your allies for backup and assistance just good planning?
I'm assuming fighting culture grew out of military culture which is why I am drawing these parallels, but it's all assumption and conjecture.
Thank you.
1 Answers 2017-09-04
Let's say I'm the king of England, and I want to hold a lavish feast. What kind of meat would be there? What spices would be used?
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"He sat down opposite the treasury and observed how the crowd put money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large sums. A poor widow also came and put in two small coins worth a few cents. Calling his disciples to himself, he said to them, 'Amen, I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the other contributors to the treasury. For they have all contributed from their surplus wealth, but she, from her poverty, has contributed all she had, her whole livelihood.'
While I once believed this was a clear cut moral (give proportionally) I've met a handful of Christians which insist I am misinterpreting the meaning of the parable.
1 Answers 2017-09-04
This isn't from my usual reading but from a comic strip online which I understand to usually be fairly accurate.
The Scandinavia & The World comic says
Is there any evidence to support this?
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The votes are in!
Leading the pack for the month was /u/iphikrates, who took the top vote in both the Flair and User vote for their answer to "Is the Military "Worship" of the Spartans Really Justified?".
Nipping close on his heels though was /u/rimeroyal, who took the second combined award in recognition of the response to "We're marginal illustrations in medieval manuscripts frowned upon? Were there supervising monks trying to keep copyists from drawing weird stuff?".
And finally, taking the "Dark Horse" award recognizing the highest voted non-flair answer of the month is /u/barton_foley, who knocked off the question "How did banks work in the Soviet Union? Were people allowed to save money and accumulate wealth? Was there personal lending? How did this all work in the soviet communist system?".
So as always, a big congratulations to the winners, and a big thanks to everyone who contributed to the subreddit in the past month! Also a reminder, if you want to nominate answers for the monthly awards, the best way to do so is to submit your favorite posts every week to the Sunday Digest!
For a list of past winners, check out this Wiki page!.
4 Answers 2017-09-04
It seems that both the heroes of pre-bronze age collapse and the Aryans of the Vedas share many cultural characteristics, having adventures, conquering things, doing everything you would expect from an expansive group like the hypothesized PIE speakers. I'm wondering if there is an etymological connection between the terms. I've only found that hero has a debatable etymology, and Aryan was a self designation for the indo-Iranian branch of PIE speakers, and has debatable relations to self-designations for an elevated social status in other branches. Please please don't turn this into a weird Nazi thing.
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https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/逃港
Found the Chinese article but i don't see an English link.
My dad is one of those people who made it. I never really looked into it before and now that I'm trying to look I have no idea where to start. I have an opportunity to talk to my dad about this next month so I want to read up a bit more first. Growing up it's just one of those family stories your dad tells you, y'know, so I never thought to ask before.
Appreciate any related insights you might have thanks!
1 Answers 2017-09-04
History interpretation and how to get some
During three decades of administering a state historic preservation office, one of my mandates was the care of the Virginia City National Historic Landmark District in Nevada. It witnessed a significant gold and silver strike; it gave birth to much of modern mining technology, and it inspired the TV show “Bonanza.”
While my first book on the topic appeared in 1998 – The Roar and the Silence: A History of Virginia City and the Comstock Lode – I revisited the subject in 2012 with a thirty-year retrospective intended to summarize what had passed before my gaze in the form of primary sources, archaeology, architecture, cemeteries, and folklore. The resulting Virginia City: Secrets of a Western Past was intended to offer intimate insights, but also to offer paths for interpreting the past.
Throughout my career, I stressed the need to frame information with meaning. I found that the public seeks to understand the past beyond just “the facts.” For me, interpretation is central to the pursuit of history and to making sense of the cacophony of information that humanity produces.
Examples – Tabasco Pepper Sauce!
I began my 2012 work on Virginia City with a Tabasco Pepper Sauce bottle excavated from an African American saloon operating between 1866 to 1875. Research dated the bottle to near the beginning of the Louisiana company’s start in 1868. An excavation of the Tabasco Pepper Sauce home site uncovered early expressions of bottle types, revealing that our example was unique and likely the oldest surviving one with the Tabasco Pepper Sauce imprint. In addition, the earliest company records indicate importations to the East but not the West.
What does this information mean? Our team viewed the artifact in several ways. It underscored the cosmopolitan nature of Virginia City. Also, corporate records were incomplete since this demonstrated early exportation to the West. Most importantly the African American saloon offered excellent cuisine – in addition to Tabasco Pepper Sauce, faunal evidence indicated that this saloon had the best cuts of meat when compared to three other excavated bars.
The bottle was not simply a curiosity. It shed light on several aspects of the past.
A rathole mine
Another archaeological expedition – again discussed in the 2012 book – documented a rathole mine – an “after-hours” excavation undertaken by miners seeking their fortune aside from the salary they garnered during a regular shift. Modern miners had opened the adit and invited my office to document what they found including timber supports, a ventilation system, tools, and a rail system for carts. It was an excellent opportunity to understand life in a nineteenth-century mine.
That said – ALWAYS STAY OUT OF ABANDONED MINES – people die every year exploring these deadly places. In hindsight, we were stupid to go there even with miners as guides.
The final report – Little Rathole on the Big Bonanza – interpreted what we found. Since 1883, historians have stressed the technological importance of Virginia City: many techniques and inventions debuted there, and it influenced international mining for decades afterwards. And yet, our rathole mine exhibited old-fashioned, even late-medieval technology.
William White (my staff historical archaeologist and co-author) and I arrived at an interpretation of our site: Virginia City was on the technological vanguard, but reality sometimes contradicts the accepted narrative. These after-hours miners pursued their ambition inexpensively, employing older approaches to mining.
It is good to remember that while histories may be accurate, humanity is diverse and people often look backward even when it seems everyone was looking forward.
A bridegroom corpse come to fetch his bride
Switching to Europe: a widespread legend describes a young man killed in a foreign war, leaving his betrothed not knowing his fate and bereaved by his absence. The story tells how he returns one night and takes her on horseback to charge across the moonlit landscape only to arrive at his grave just as the cock crows. The young woman realizes he is a corpse and manages to escape. She then tells her story to her family, dying afterwards of grief and shock.
In 1982, I attended a seminar in Dublin, Ireland, providing extensive details about Irish manifestations of the legend. While it was an excellent presentation, I wondered if it could be taken a step further. That evening, I received a letter from an American grad student pondering what she might do with a lot of information about a medieval women’s religious sect. In response to her and with the Irish seminar in mind, I arrived at a series of questions one might ask of information uncovered by research.
Three decades later, I addressed the revenant bridegroom in Cornwall. A striking aspect of the nineteenth-century Cornish legends was that a boat often replaced the horse, and the young man was a sailor lost at sea rather than a soldier killed in battle. The function of the full moon changed, and the woman failed to survive the evening since she was drowned in her dead lover’s embrace. I concluded that Cornish storytellers had adapted the legend to fit the environment and economy of Cornwall, and I proposed that this change is what the great Swedish folklorist Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (1878-1952) suggested happened with folklore as it diffused from one place to the next. Historical documents served to place Cornish folklore into a larger context.
How to interpret
By the way, I sent a letter to that American grad student back in 1982 with a list of “Five Questions of History” – thoughts on how to transform a dry recounting of facts into something with meaning. I don’t have those original five questions – and I’m sure others could improve them. For better or worse, these are the questions as well as I can remember:
What does this information say about the people of this time and place and/or how does this compare with similar situations in other times and/or places? Comparison can often lend insight. These related questions can be taken too far, so one needs to resist the impulse to use a little bit of information to draw expansive conclusions.
How does this information affect what we understand about how this element of society changed over time? This is related to the first question, but it asks for a comparison over time within the same area.
How does this information fit in with what other scholars have maintained about this or similar situations? This is a narrow historiographical question (as opposed to the following); this seeks to challenge or support histories that have also tackled this subject.
How have historians viewed this subject and how has perception changed over time? This calls for a historiographical treatment with the examination of the full spectrum of historians over time; it can be less argumentative than the previous question.
What does this information say about the nature of humanity? This question is probably best left to senior scholars – but it often attracts young historians: tread carefully!!! I place it here at the end of the list to make ourselves aware that if we lean in this direction we need to exercise caution.
With all this, perhaps we can discuss the interpretation of the past and how to find meaning in the chapters of the human experience.
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To contextualize: He officially disapproved of Napoleon's Spanish initiative, which resulted in the Peninsular War beginning in 1808. (But he pushed Napoleon to wage war againt spain) At the Congress of Erfurt in September–October 1808, Talleyrand secretly counseled Tsar Alexander (crossing Napoleon again).
After his resignation in 1807 from the ministry, Talleyrand began to accept bribes from hostile powers (mainly Austria, but also Russia), to betray Napoleon's secrets.
Talleyrand and Joseph Fouché, who were typically enemies in both politics and the salons, had a rapprochement in late 1808 and entered into discussions over the imperial line of succession.
Napoleon had yet to address this matter and the two men knew that without a legitimate heir a struggle for power would erupt in the wake of Napoleon's death.
Talleyrand started to spread the news that Napoleon had died in the hope of creating a coup d'ètat
Napoleon (While in Spain) received word of their actions and rushed back to Paris to stop the Talleyrand's action.
This perception caused the famous dressing down of Talleyrand in front of Napoleon's marshals, during which Napoleon famously claimed that he could "break him like a glass, but it's not worth the trouble" and added with a scatological tone that Talleyrand was "shit in a silk stocking" to which the minister Talleyrand coldly retorted, once Napoleon had left, "Pity that so great a man should have been so badly brought up!"
1 Answers 2017-09-04
Pictures: https://imgur.com/a/tZIM2
So you don't have to squint your eyes to read the text, I'll include it here alongside my attempts on the translation. The orginal language is Polish.
(The marks are in left, top corner) O side, from left to right, from outer to inner circle. Clockwise.
"Twoja osobowość jest prawdziwa" (I translated it to: Your personality is real) Note: 11 stars on the bottom.)
"Jednośc Służba Zdrowie" (Unity Duty Health)
24
X side, from top to bottom.
"Boże użycz mi pogody ducha abym godził się z tym, czego nie moge zmienić" (God lend me serenity so I can reconcile with what I can't change) Note: In polish this sounds more pleading than how I translated it.
"A * IX * A"
"Odwagi, abym zmieniał to co mogę zmienić" (Courage, so I can change what I can change)
"I mądrości, abym odróżniał jedno od drugiego" (Wisdom, so I can distinguish between one and another)
1 Answers 2017-09-04
I was looking through Reddit when I read that Oxford University was somewhat founded in 1096. What was university like back then? Was it similar to todays, with syllabuses, test and what not?
What was everyday life like for the Oxford University student of class 1096?
2 Answers 2017-09-04
I applied for a job and had to sit down and watch a video demonizing worker's unions, praising themselves as being nonunion like it was a badge of honor
My dad was in UAW growing up and they were always good to us, i always understood unions as being a good thing
2 Answers 2017-09-04