How crucial was the battle of Poitiers (732 a.c) to stop the muslim expansion across Europe?

I have heard that this battle was the turning point in stopping the muslim conquests in Europe, and after that point the muslim expansion from the iberic peninsula was forced to a complete halt

Is this true? Would we have a very different situation if the muslims won the battle? And, do people attribute to much importance to an event that would have happened anyway, regarless of the battle itself?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Let's Talk about "Into the Depths", a NatGeo podcast, on Reddit Talk Right Now!

7 Answers 2022-03-18

Why wasn't Germany able to import food through neutral ports during WW1?

To my understanding, under international law, the Entente blockade could not prevent imports to neutral countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway etc... In fact it seems like such a thing would be very profitable. Did these countries bend under Entente pressure and refuse to trade with Germany?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

In "Red Tide Rising" (1983), Clancy shows us a Stealth F-19 "fighter", what sources would he have had available for such a fictional airplane?

1983 was in fact the year the F-117A became operational, and Clancy's description sounds an awful lot like the real deal. Were enough rumors floating around at the time, as he suggests in the book, to support such an idea? The plane wasn't made public until I think 1988. Did this upset anyone in the Air Force, or intrigue anyone in the Soviet Union? For all I know Popular Mechanics was talking about it already.....

2 Answers 2022-03-18

I'm Dr. Stuart Ellis-Gorman, author of The Medieval Crossbow: A Weapon Fit to Kill a King. AMA about crossbows, medieval archery/guns, or most things medieval warfare!

Hello everyone! I’m not exactly new round these parts, but for those who may not know I’m Dr. Stuart Ellis-Gorman!

I did my PhD on the development of bows and crossbows in late medieval Europe, and I’ve recently completed my first book – a new introductory history to the crossbow called The Medieval Crossbow: A Weapon Fit to Kill a King (https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Medieval-Crossbow-Hardback/p/21280), now available for pre-order at a discounted price. Here’s the publishers’ blurb:

The crossbow is an iconic weapon of the Middle Ages and, alongside the longbow, one of the most effective ranged weapons of the pre-gunpowder era. Unfortunately, despite its general fame it has been decades since an in-depth history of the medieval crossbow has been published, which is why Stuart Ellis-Gorman’s detailed, accessible, and highly illustrated study is so valuable.

The Medieval Crossbow approaches the history of the crossbow from two directions. The first is a technical study of the design and construction of the medieval crossbow, the many different kinds of crossbows used during the Middle Ages, and finally a consideration of the relationship between crossbows and art.

The second half of the book explores the history of the crossbow, from its origins in ancient China to its decline in sixteenth-century Europe. Along the way it explores the challenges in deciphering the crossbow’s early medieval history as well as its prominence in warfare and sport shooting in the High and Later Middle Ages.

This fascinating book brings together the work of a wide range of accomplished crossbow scholars and incorporates the author’s own original research to create an account of the medieval crossbow that will appeal to anyone looking to gain an insight into one of the most important weapons of the Middle Ages.

I’m here primarily to answer any and all questions you may have about the history of the crossbow, but I’m also happy to tackle more general questions about medieval archery or medieval warfare. I’ve also gotten sucked into a bit of a board wargaming rabbit hole, which I’m currently documenting on my website at https://www.stuartellisgorman.com/blog/category/Wargame, and I’m happy to field obscure questions about how wargames try to model medieval warfare!

I’ll be around for the next few hours – until around 6:00 GMT – and I’ll check in intermittently afterwards. Let’s be honest, it’s a bit late in the game to pretend I’m not an AskHistorians addict, so if you ask it I'll try to answer it eventually!

Edit: I'm going to have to run off for a little bit now! My toddler needs her dinner and to be put to bed, but once she's settled I'll come back and answer more questions! Hopefully I'll be back around 8:30-9ish GMT.

Edit #2: Okay, it's almost midnight here and I've been answering questions on and off for about 10 hours. I'm going to sign off for the night but I'll pop in for a bit tomorrow morning and see how many I can answer. Thank you to everyone who's asked a question and apologies if I don't manage to answer yours! There are so many!

156 Answers 2022-03-18

Why are so many middle easterners lactose intolerant when cattle were first domesicated in that reigion roughly 10,000 years ago?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Friday Free-for-All | March 18, 2022

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

6 Answers 2022-03-18

Why did Canada combine its military branches is 1968? And does it have any functional difference to countries that keep separate armies, navies, and air forces?

I recently learned that all of Canada’s military falls under the umbrella of the Canadian Armed Forces rather than a Canadian army, navy, and Air Force. Why did Canada enact this change? And in practice does their military structure differ that much from other countries with separate branches?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Has the idea of a U.S. Civil Service Exam (not unlike that of Confucius) ever been seriously considered? If so, what were the main objections? If not, is there a historical reason why such a thing has never existed?

2 Answers 2022-03-18

How did the Jewish community in Constantinople react to the transition from Byzantine rule to Ottoman?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

The TV show 'Stargate' apparently increased USAF recruitment, how true is this? And are there any other significant correlations between popular TV shows and increased recruitment or labour supply?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Where can I find the most un-biased sources of history?

I've heard this common phrase "history is written by the victors" before but with the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war I started to realize how big of a difference there can be between different accounts of it.

Current events led me on a hunt for some historical information about USSR vs "West" relations from the year 1800 onwards.

I am Polish and one point of contention here when discussing Ukrainian refugees is the Volhynia (Wołyń) massacre. I know that some people in my country still hold a grudge against Ukrainians for that particular event but after reading a Wikipedia article (which seemed to recount both sides of the story) I realized that our nation wasn't much better during that period.

That exact article made me realize that many events in our history taught as facts might not be facts in the first place or might as well be only a part of the whole story.

Even though it is impossible to avoid historical inaccuracies, how do you separate un-biased (or as un-biased as possible) information from propaganda when it comes to world history? Where can I find the best sources?

2 Answers 2022-03-18

What's the difference between epoch, era, period, age, etc? How is it decided? What comes first and after? How is it divided?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Why do Jews face discrimination?

Not sure if this is the right place to ask. I live in the Philippines where sometimes our education systems are shit. And I live far from Manila(National Capital) so it only gets much worse from there. This kind of history is something I have not been taught yet, but should have. I want to know more.

I have only heard of stories of wars online. In school I have read Numbering The Stars and hopefully we'll look into more of this. Very hard to force myself to keep reading without choking up into tears.

But a question that resonates whenever I read is, why? Why is this happening? Is there something in these history books that I've missed? What is the reason for all this discrimination? I haven't gotten a straight answer to this question in google, let alone anyone in my country.

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Why did the Seljuqs fall in 150 years yet the HRE, which had a state just as decentralised with constant infighting, outside threats that are also quite formidable and a political system which is arguably just as flawed last a millenium ?

Recently i started looking into seljuq history and what made me curious was how it only lasted 150 years despite being so powerful, at first i thought it was powerful outside threats that brought it down, but that cant be as the mongols only struck the final blow, and the crusaders were more of a nuisance. Then i thought it was the instability, fictionalisation, feud between the caliph and sultan, infighting, a flawed political system and disloyal atabegs and amirs. While this is most likely the case, how did the HRE, which basically had all the issues noted above last for a millenium? Also side note is that i would like to ask if their are any good reads/ sources on the seljuq civil war during the 1100s, i see it as an immensly underrated and relatively unlnown period that has little sources written about it, best i can find is this https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=history_sum

1 Answers 2022-03-18

The discoverer of calculus seems to be a toss up between Leibniz and Newton. Who has the better claim, and what's the difference between the two men's methods?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Two questions on American history. First, when the United States was formed was the continental U.S already fully colonised by Europe? Second when the American government the Battle of Little Bighorn against Native Americans, did they already colonise the continental U.S?

The reason I ask both questions is this. When we talk about the relationship between the U.S government and Native American tribes(this can apply to Canada as well) it often comes across like this. The U.S government is on the East Coast. You have these independent Native American tribes in the West Coast. And the U.S government just invaded and colonised their territory.

Now the invasion and colonisation of Native American land is true. But when the Thirteen colonies became independent weren't many Native Americans already living under the colonial rule of other European powers that ruled parts of the continental U.S? I'm thinking of the French who ruled what was called Louisiana before the purchase Jefferson made or the Spanish who ruled over places like Florida.

And to second this question, when Little Bighord was fought against the Native American tribes in 1876, wasn't Manifest destiny already completed by then? At least by thirty years since the Mexican American War? Just trying to brush up on the specifics when it comes to my understanding of history.

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Why were there so many English monarchs of the House of Wessex whose name starts with "Ed" or "E"?

Why did it change every reign, in comparison to the later repeats of regnal names by post-Norman English monarchs?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Fighting has been an integral part of North American hockey. Has this been the the case in other countries? How was fighting treated in Soviet hockey?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

How did the lion become the king of animals, even in places that don't have lions?

1 Answers 2022-03-18

Why does recorded history in Japan begin so late, roughly in 300 AD? Wouldn't the Yayoi people have brought writing from China and Korea?

1 Answers 2022-03-17

Why are St. Valentine, & St. Patrick the only saints to have specialized feast days?

What made Valentine and Patrick's day unique when there are many more saints and more famous saints than Valentine or Patrick? Saint Peter, Joan of Arc, George. What made Valentine & Patrick specifically special?

1 Answers 2022-03-17

What happened to German soldiers who refused to kill or injure defenseless Jews and Slavs?

1 Answers 2022-03-17

Could a Nephew Inherit an Estate from an Uncle?

I am going out of my comfort zone and attempting to write a fictional story based in either the 18th or 19th century, but can't find anything online about my specific question. This could certainly be a dumb question, but firstly, could an uncle, if he had no heirs, or no wife, leave his estate to his nephew? I know that the Primogeniture law was a thing, but is that just if there is no written will? And secondly, if that is possible would it be frowned upon by the uncle's brother (nephew's father) to accept? Thanks! Hope this is the right place to ask this.

1 Answers 2022-03-17

Letters of marque were issued to hundreds of U.S. privateers during the war of 1812, and they captured 2,500 British merchant ships and severely damaged British trade. When and why did this effective means of privatizing war disappear?

1 Answers 2022-03-17

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