Any idea what this 10lb ball I found in the dirt is? (xpost from r/WhatIsThisThing)

As mentioned, I posted this over at r/WhatIsThisThing, also. I thought some lovely historians may be able to help me as well.

I found this ball in the dirt at my grandparent's farm in middle Tennessee. It's incredibly rusty. It was caked in dirt, but we've cleaned it up a bit. It's got a faucet type thing on top, a hollowed out part in the middle with holes on each side. Here is a bottom view, also.

We can't find any specific markings on it, but its so covered in rust it is really hard to tell. This was in a plowed up piece of garden, so I wonder if it wasn't underground until recently. My mother thought it may be a well weight, as they had a well on the property when she was growing up, however, this was a ways away from the well that I remember, and the well has not been there for almost ten years. It's around ten pounds.

1 Answers 2017-07-23

What's the difference between Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Buddhism?

What are the major differences between Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Buddhism?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Was Moctezuma weak, misguided, deluded, cautios or simply incompetent?

The more I read about him the more I think a strong willed emperor would have put much more of a fight. He just didn't decisively and at least once was just so afraid of death that let himself be kidnapped rather than put a stop to the spaniards.

I've heard that he was so religious he didn't want to fight the spaniards in fear of them being Qutzalcoatl But that's heavily disputed, to the point I find no merits to the idea. So, why? why let the spaniards into your inner circle? why let them kill your subjects in Cholula and do nothing? why keep showering them with gold? why let them kidnap you? just seems (to my untrained modern eye) incompetence all over the place.

It is not until Cuitlahuac that the Mexica finally showed strength. Ultimately smallpox would have wiped them all anyway but at least he put up a fight.

2 Answers 2017-07-23

How could people survive wounds during the Middle Ages, given the lack of antiseptic?

Wouldn't most cuts be fatal? How could people live after losing arms or legs?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

When his history has sex be linked to reproduction ?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Was National Socialism or Nazism actually Socialist?

I always get into arguments with people over this topic. I'm not too well informed and would love some information on it!

Thanks in advance!

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Did Hitler colaborate with the Bavarian Communists?

In this wikipedia article, it's stated that Hitler actively worked with the Bavarian Soviet Republic. To me this seems odd, since Hitler hated Communists through most of his live. Is the article right? If so, can you tell us more?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

In Tolkien's work, Orcs represented industry and often times described as industrious and innovative. In most modern fantasy settings, Orcs are a savage backwards people. When and why did this shift happen?

2 Answers 2017-07-23

I am a Black man in the 1950s Southern United States. I really want to try the food at a Whites-Only restaurant. Are there any services for me to hire a white man to bring me take out, or another (preferably legal) means for me to get that food?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Why were Native Americans males always depicted as being shirtless? Did they really walk around shirtless all the time?

3 Answers 2017-07-23

Family heirloom sugar container from Prussia I've been told owned around 1795 but made before that.

http://imgur.com/a/U3L9G

On all sides you can see we haven't polished it yet. On top there's a rose, maybe that's a clue? On the bottom, there are a host of figures you can't see so well in the picture but I can just tell you what they are. Below the figures the year 1795 is enscribed along with the initials JFV, but super lightly so I think this was from the owner not the creator. Above that, there's a little circle of a castle, the letter F, The letters WEIS, and FW at the top which I've been told means it was taxed by Kaiser. Any more details on who made it or what the castle means would help, thanks

4 Answers 2017-07-23

How much would it cost to build a Gothic-style cathedral?

I'm wondering about a cathedral like Notre Dame de Paris, or Notre Dame de Rouen, or Notre Dame de Strasbourg. Really big, intricate churches. I can't seem to find anything about how much a church like that cost to build, only the length of time it took to build

2 Answers 2017-07-23

This Week's Theme: The 11th Century CE

2 Answers 2017-07-23

Is it accurate to see each Chinese Dynasty as it's own 'country'?

When speaking to a Chinese student recently he described each Chinese dynasty as being demonstrably different from the previous one- each dynasty formed it's own country as opposed to one country with multiple ruling families over it's history. He specifically compared it to the Byzantine empire in this regard- despite the ruling families in Byzantium changing- it was one country. I know very little about Chinese history and was wondering how accurate his statement was.

1 Answers 2017-07-23

When and why did golf become so popular in Japan?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

There's a family Legend that my great grandfather was a British spy in the Second Boer war, how would I investigate this?

[deleted]

2 Answers 2017-07-23

What was the protocol for loading and unloading muskets during routine operations in the 18th and 19th century?

Modern rifles have the advantage of bullets that can be easily loaded and unloaded. I can't image it's very easy to take out a musket ball and compacted gunpowder after it's been all rammed down. This shouldn't be an issue for a soldier going into battle expecting to use his musket. But for a sentry with a quiet shift or a group maintaining order in a colony, they probably aren't going to fire their rifle most of the time. So, did they carry loaded muskets while performing routine operations? If so, how were they unloaded? Also, how did this vary across nations or areas?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

When did Muslims first come to the New World?

I have heard claims that Muslims travelled with Columbus and pbs.org makes the following claims:

"When the first Muslims came to the land that would become the United States is unclear. Many historians claim that the earliest Muslims came from the Senegambian region of Africa in the early 14th century. It is believed they were Moors, expelled from Spain, who made their way to the Caribbean and possibly to the Gulf of Mexico.

When Columbus made his journey to the United States, it is said he took with him a book written by Portuguese Muslims who had navigated their way to the New World in the 12th century.

Others claim there were Muslims, most notably a man named Istafan, who accompanied the Spanish as a guide to the New World in the early 16th century in their conquest of what would become Arizona and New Mexico.

What is clear is the make up of the first real wave of Muslims in the United States: African slaves of whom 10 to 15 percent were said to be Muslims. Maintaining their religion was difficult and many were forcibly converted to Christianity. Any effort to practice Islam, and keep the traditional clothing and names alive had to be done in secret. There was an enclave of African-Americans on the Georgia coast that managed to maintain their faith until the early part of the 20th century."

http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/islam-in-america/

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Is reading medieval Arthurian legends of any value for the historian?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

How did the Mongols develop from a shamanist/multi religious polity into a series of very religious Khanates (The Yuan, Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, etc...)?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Why is there so little French influence except for names of places in the American Midwest unlike in Quebec?

France colonized a large area in North America known as the "New France." The Midwest, Louisiana, and Quebec were all once parts of New France. Montreal, being the capital of New France, and the rest of Quebec seem to still be affected heavily today, exemplified by the large French-speaking population in Quebec. But why does there appear to be so little French significance in the American Midwest except for names of places? Illinois, Des Moines, Detroit obviously are names that came from French. Other than that, do you think there is any more evidence that shows the existence of New France in the Midwest?

2 Answers 2017-07-23

What is the evidence of Islam being the predominant religion amongst slaves transported during the transatlantic slave trade ? How did Christianity then take over ?

I did ask another subreddit but alas no answer . I am wondering if it is true that( and frankly why no one tells us ) most of the slaves transported were Muslim? What is the earliest evidence of Islam in America ? Did it come from free men or slaves ? Also how did they go from according to some sources 20-30% of them being Muslim to modern African Americans being predominantly Christian? Is this a history that is recognised by African Americans ?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

During WW2, the standard issue rifle rounds for the American and Commonwealth armies were different. Did anyone ever try and standardise their ammunition to make everything easier logistically?

The British used the .303 round, the Americans used the .30-06. Wouldn't it have been easier for everyone to adopt the same round so they could use each others ammunition?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

Are all historians in agreement that pre-Christian Ireland was practicing human sacrifice?

Reading Thomas Cahill's How the Irish saved Civilization and he talks about one reason the Irish we're attracted to Christianity was because it gave relief to a people that believed sacrifice had to be continual. Wondering if anyone had a different take

2 Answers 2017-07-23

What happened next for the soldiers who made it back from Dunkirk, and those who were captured?

I'm kind of looking for what would likely have happened next for the characters in the recent film.

Specifically, what would have happened next for the soldiers who made it back, as well as those who were captured in France? How quickly did they return to battle/what happened to POWs?

1 Answers 2017-07-23

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