I seem to remember hearing this in middle school History class, but maybe I'm completely mistaken. How did Israël get the atomic weapon?

Was there constant (near-daily) travel between the Philippines and Mexico? How did taxation, trade, and communication work? Would an event like the Mexican Revolution have taken weeks to reach Manila? Did there exist much social or institutional continuity across the Asian and American possessions of the Spanish Empire? Would a Spaniard setting in Mexico or Cuba have the same legal opportunities if he settled in Luzon? Last, how were indigenous peoples affected by this arrangement? Did many native people from Mexico or the Philippines cross the Pacific to live under Spanish rule somewhere else?

I was reading Empires of the Silk Road, for the millionth time, and the author, Dr. Chris Beckwith, mentioned that decades and decades ago he came across a work that mentioned a strong Central Asian/Indian influence on the formative years of Islam.

He has forgotten the scholar's name, and despite asking many Early Islam experts, cannot track this person down. The experts also became offended when confronted with a possible suggestion of an outside influence in Islam during this period.

Can anyone--especially our Islamic History moderator--tell me anything about this? Or recommend any works on early Islam so I can begin my own investigation?

More so than other Romance languages, that is. My great uncle told me that when he was stationed in Italy after WW II that several Spanish speaking members of his platoon could easily communicate with the local Italians, despite speaking no Italian at all. I imagine this is not the case with French and Spanish. How did this lingustic similarity come about?

Edit: forgot to ask, what defenses were subs given against other subs? Did subs even encounter other subs often enough for this to be a problem?

Or is it just a coincidence of who won out during transitions of power?

Additionally, why wasn't the pistol grip more common when thrusting weapons, such as the rapier, or small sword, were in common use? It seems like such a more ergonomically designed grip, and puts far less strain on your wrist, since you don't have to bend it for your point to be on target.

Edit: I forgot "did" in the title, but I guess too late to fix that now ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

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I can't seem to find any information that would indicate whether they had or not. I know there were some American Christian missionaries encouraging the millenarian, and the United States was largely occupied with its own civil war, but is there anything to be noted?

Given the nature of Fascism (at least how I understand it)*, Italy doesn't seem like a place where fascism would rise. However, this is likely due to lack of knowledge on Italian history. So what was going on in Italy that lead to Benito Mussolini's rise?

• Fascism being a form of authoritarian governance where "the people" who are of one nationality rally around "the leader" in order to combat the invisible enemies of state/people, through both fighting war and giving political power and loyalty to the leader. Italy, in contrast to places like Germany or Romania, didn't have the same national unity that many fascist states seem to require. Furthermore, Italy was on the winning side of the last war, so it seemed like they wouldn't have the sense of "humiliation" that other fascist states perceived because of losing a war. The factors that generally lead to fascism's popularity seem to not be present in Italy, from my understanding.

Of course, I'm well aware of the genocides of the Armenians and Greeks by the Turks, but was that indicative as a whole of their treatment by the ottoman government or were they typically treated better? Did they exist under the same kind of government that Turkish citizens did or were they given a different government?

Pretty self explanatory, I am wondering how many people a traveler may have enountered while traveling on ancient Roman roads. I picked Rome -> Athens as an example but the destination can be different if need be.

What is the difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, like politically, socially, how did the governments differ. What was the whole deal with Ceaser and the ides of March. How did the Roman republic legislate. How did it transition to empire. What led to its fall? I know basic stuff but Rome really interests me, but I really don't want to read a giant book about it.

I have always been fascinated with the Janissaries: their rise, "reign" and demise is a unique part of Islamic history.

From my understanding, a significant aspect of the push for military reform by the Porte was the predicament of the Janissaries becoming an obsolete fighting force. They were supposedly stuck in tradition and their "old ways."

I understand the political and social influence the corps had on Ottoman government and society, however this question is geared more so in respects to military strategy and structure.

I know the Ottomans began to lose battles at an alarming rate for about a century leading up the Auspicious Incident. Was it because they refused to adopt modern military strategy? Technology? Training methods? Did they simply get too comfortable with their expanded rights, basically losing their edge and discipline?

Any insight would be appreciated. For a fighting force that struck fear into leaders across Europe, the downfall of the Janissaries is quite compelling when intertwined with the eventual deterioration of the empire.

And if Humans started off as vegetarian/"gatherers", then how did we become meat eaters?

The real question I have is if the USSR went to war with the US (and therefor all of NATO), would have all the Soviet states followed suit in conjunction with the USSR or could they have abstained?

There have a lot of questions about this And I would like to know more about it. This is a highly sensitive topic, and most of the sources are highly subjective about it, serving the interests of their authors( propaganda) so please only objective sources.

I was watching History Buffs episode on Game of Thrones where many parallels were drawn between actual historical references and what Geroge R. R. Martin wrote in Game of thrones. For example, Hadrian's wall, Colossas of Rhodes etc.

Does Tolkien take inspiration from actual history as well?