What is the general concensus of the world's oldest civilisation? And what defines a civilisation?

1 Answers 2022-03-03

Has a leader ever directly killed another leader?

Not an ordered assassination, but in a direct one-on-one confrontation. Leader might be a broad description, but basically any key figure killing their enemy counterpart, say a general shooting a general, or a king striking down another king on a battlefield.

4 Answers 2022-03-03

The BBC produced 'Threads 1984' during the cold war, presumably to remind their public of the horrors that a nuclear war would bring. Did the USSR also create similar documentary material to educate the Russian public in the same way?

1 Answers 2022-03-03

How exactly did Napoleon lose the Battle of Waterloo?

I would like to know the political landscape and tactics used in the battle, I've never gotten an in-depth answer on these.

1 Answers 2022-03-03

How did the Mongols just sweep through half of the world and conquer everything? I always thought Mongolia had a lower population so how did they conquer so much?

1 Answers 2022-03-03

There are several famous examples of Stalin's regime altering pictures, such as Stalin walking next to the Moscow canal, where Yezhov was replaced with...more canal. Why would one picture be this significant? What made doctoring these images the preferred course of action?

In case anyone hasn't seen the picture referred to, it's this one

I have little to no understanding of how early Soviet information/propaganda worked, who issued these pictures, through what medium and who the intended audience was (and if they bought it). But it always struck me as weird that a government ruling millions of people would feel compelled to change one particular picture. I get that dictatorships use images and why they do it, but I'm confused by how feasible/useful going after individual ones already in circulation would be.

From my entirely uninformed point of view, it would be easier to say "Here's comrade Stalin next to our new awesome tractors!" than arguing "No, there was no one next to the General Secretary on that day, just some weird squiggly lines".

I would love if someone could give me the necessary context to understand Soviet era picture manipulation and, most likely, clear up the misconceptions in my question.

2 Answers 2022-03-03

After WWII, many Nazis tried for war crimes were given “life” sentences, only to be released in the 1950s. What was the rationale behind allowing them to be released so early into their sentences?

A quick look at the defendants present during the “Doctors’ Trial,” made me realize that not a single defendant (barring those who were executed) was still imprisoned by the 1960s, despite their appalling crimes. Is this a misconception on my part, or does this reflect a trend? I’ve noticed similar examples with Japanese war criminals who were also given life sentences.

1 Answers 2022-03-03

Are there any good, easy books on the Sui or T'ang Dynasties of China?

The title says it all. I don't need anything quite as bedside-table as Bill Bryson would write a book, but I also know I won't be able to get through an actual academic textbook.

Thank you!

1 Answers 2022-03-03

When the USSR fell how were the borders drawn?

Were these pre existing borders of ethnic groups or states? Were they all drawn on the fly? If so by who?

1 Answers 2022-03-03

Was Germanicus murdered?

Was Germanicus Julius Caesar murdered? There can be a case made for Germanicus having been murdered. However There is, as far as I know, no direct evidence that he was. His adopted father Tiberius certainly had the motivation and ability to have his son, who was adopted on orders of Augustus, to be “eliminated”. What are some thought of those with far more knowledge of imperial Rome than I on the theory. Thanks.

1 Answers 2022-03-03

How frequently did wartime leaders such as Churchill, Roosevelt, or Stalin take days off work during the war, and how did they avoid burnout working >=16 hour days every day for 5+ years?

Recently, President Zelensky of Ukraine said that "work and sleep" is all he has done since the start of the war last week. This made me wonder if/when he may suffer from burnout or be incapacitated with stress, and how often wartime leaders in the past might have suffered the same.

My question is - In a much more higher stakes war (such as World War II), how often did the main Allied leaders take a holiday, or simply just have a day or two off? Who covered for them in that time? Or did they really work 7 days per week for the entire war? If so, how did they cope?

Answers don`t have to be limited to just World War II and I would be happy to read answers about leaders in other conflicts. Thank you!

1 Answers 2022-03-03

Were there law enforcement in the late middle ages? If so, how did officers know when someone was telling the truth?

I searched it and couldn't find a satisfactory answer. Were there some sort of police or any kind of law enforcement organisation in the late middle ages? If yes, how could an officer tell when someone wasn't lying, a person could say someone killed another person only to get him arrested because they didn't get along?

1 Answers 2022-03-03

How to decide on a graduate school?

Hello! I hope that this is the correct place to post this, apologizes if this is annoying.

I am incredibly fortunate to have recent been accepted to a number of Taught Master's programs in History! I have been a teacher the past few years and am now returning as a student myself in the hopes of one day joining a PhD program and build a life producing/surrounding history.

I am currently struggling to decide between the schools I've been accepted to and struggle to see a difference between them. Besides potential advisor fit, is there anything you think I should value when making this decision?

Thank you so much in advance!

1 Answers 2022-03-03

Why did operation Barbarossa fail?

This was the largest land invasion in human history. The nazis had 3.8 million personnel and the Soviets had 2.6-2.9 total personnel. The nazis had 3 armies, army group north, army group center and army group south.

The Germans had great success initially they took all of Ukraine and pushed into Russia, sieged Leningrad(now St. Petersburg) and made it to the outskirts of Moscow. Many people famously say that it was the weather that made it all fail But I feel like it was more than that just because of the sheer numbers of personnel participating in this invasion.

1 Answers 2022-03-02

What is the best format to properly answer questions on this subreddit and what is the best way to incorporate sources in responses? [META]

1 Answers 2022-03-02

What actually happened at the Berlin Conference? I have this strange image in my head that it was just a bunch European diplomats that sat around a table, chatted for a little and took turns drawing lines on Africa. This is obviously not accurate so what exactly did go down at these conferences?

1 Answers 2022-03-02

'The Boy in the Striped Pajamas' is going to get a sequel for some reason, and I've been seeing a few takes that the first book was actually quite problematic. What are the issues with it?

I will admit that I have not read the first book; I've just come across it amid the recent announcement.

1 Answers 2022-03-02

When were time zones 'discovered'? Did people in the early modern era on transatlantic voyages realise that their days were starting/ending at different times as they sailed?

This is something that came to mind earlier today; obviously we knew the world was round from ancient Greek times, but I don't think we had a firm grasp of how the cosmos operate until much later. Consequently, I was wondering if there were any records of people who had travelled long distances and noticed some kind of discrepancy in when their days started or ended, who became curious about what was causing this? Naturally we now know this is due to time zones, but what was this attributed to in history? (If it was noticed at all)

1 Answers 2022-03-02

Did nazi doctors make any breakthrough discoveries?

This question is heavily clouded by the unethical nature of the experiments. But taking this out of the question, did any of these experiments lead to discoveries that eventually saved lives?

1 Answers 2022-03-02

Why do we use the words "Sunday" and "Monday" instead of naming these days after mythological figures?

I am aware that "Sunday" and "Monday" pretty much derive from sun-day and moon-day respectively. Why do we use these quite English sounding day names instead of naming them something like "Apolloday" and "Vestaday", honoring ancient Gods like the names we use for the other days of the week?

1 Answers 2022-03-02

Did the Vikings ever use catapults, even in the Christian period (11th century, say)?

1 Answers 2022-03-02

PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs' statement: The American Genocide of the Indians--How much of it is true?

(Link at the end of article)

The article claims that what the US government has been doing to native Indians is genocide. That Indians' rights to life and property were violated throughout the 19th century, that the US repeatedly broke signed contracts with the natives, that war crimes against Indians were common, and that the Indian population dropped drastically.

I am ignorant of American history and is incapable of verifying the factuality of all these claims (and the original post gave too vague references). Thanks in advance for any expert shedding light on this matter!

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202203/t20220302_10647120.html

3 Answers 2022-03-02

Is there written history of Moses in the Egyptian records? 📷

If I have heard it before, I don't remember. As extensive as the written record is in Egypt I would think that Moses being pulled from the Nile and raised in the house of the Pharoh would be recorded.

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1 Answers 2022-03-02

Why were British settlers in Canada loyal to the monarch and the British settlers in the US rebellious?

In the subject. Why were the ones in Canada for the monarchy and why were the ones in the US against the monarchy? Surely it can't be because the US side didn't want to pay taxes and the Canadian side did (nobody likes taxes!)

Wondering if anyone has any insight that could explain this.

1 Answers 2022-03-02

In the HBO series "The Gilded Age" the fictional Russell family is asked to prepare a luncheon in the "English style". When the chef and butler are told this they rattle off stereotypes of English food being bland. Was this already the case in the public eye, or is it just used to poke fun?

I was watching the most recent episode last night and was a bit confused by the jabs. I can understand the French chef feeling his cooking is superior, but then I think about the food served in "Downton Abbey" and it was anything but bland. Maybe that's just because they were English nobility? I always thought the rationing during the World Wars was the major cause for English cuisine being seen as "bland".

2 Answers 2022-03-02

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