Especially his later works. I know vaguely that Xenophon wrote some dissenting things about Socrates, but do we have sources criticizing Plato for using the Philosopher as a sockpuppet?

One of the ways that the British Navy became so powerful during the mid to late 1700's was through the use of merchant ships in times of war. The ships were often already fitted with guns for their own protection, so it was a logical jump to outfit them just a bit more and use them for war. How was this different than privateering? Also, what was the average merchant's response to this? Loss of profits?

Thanks!

Reading the histories it seems a pretty stark shift from no-Christianity to Christian dominance in the Empire. That seems surprising given the religiously tolerant culture Christianity was created in.

I'm a little embarrassed to admit this, given my flair, but I don't know awfully much about free peasants and minor landowners in the period; I'm weak in economic history in general. I'm aware of their existence, obviously, but I'm curious as to roughly how common free peasants were and how they fit within and without the manorial/village society. If a village was owned by one or more noblemen, how did this effect a free peasant? Did he exist outside of this relationship? Source recommendations are more than welcome.

I know the Celts sacked and burned Rome in 390 bce and that this led to a loss of sources for earlier periods, but is there a particular time after this event that historians can more or less rely solely on documents, and not have to consult mythology?

I often read that black slaves in antebellum America were treated "like animals". If this was literally 100% true, then I think their white masters would have subjected them to selective breeding programs to create more practical strains of Negro the way they bred more practical strains of dog and cattle. Was this practiced, to what extent, and to what effect?

I think it's a bit odd that Assyrians, Romans and others hired slingers when archery, even composite bows were in use. The sling to me seems like much less effective, not that I am any kind of expert of course. Were there any strategic advantages? Were they cheaper to maintain than archers? Also: When/why were slings disbanded in warfare?

I'm looking for specific wars and/or battles where Ottoman and Winged Hussars were the deciding factor or inflicted extremely lopsided casualties. Sources would be appreciated but not neccesary, thanks to all who answer.

For example, did they file their nails with a rock or bite them, how did they cut hair, do we know preferred lengths?

It made sense for Hitler to go for Moscow because it was the Soviet capital but why did Napoleon go for Moscow, considering that the Russian capital at the time was Saint Petersburg?

So, Baath was a god considered bad by the early Israelites, Sheeba was some Queen(of which period I don't remember), Bathsheba was a queen(?) Involved with some nonsense on David's part. Is there any linguistics connecting this?

How long did the longest person last? How did anybody survive a camp that was designed to work you to death? Was it only relatively recent cohorts of inmates that survived to liberation?

I'm asking this because I am going through a "depression" and the reason I put quotes on that is because although I have medications for it, I still feel like it is something I can get through without all of these chemicals. So what I'm asking you is are we, as a society discovering better treatments than in generations past. Or are we just giving people excuses to act abnormally?

To unpack the question, are the dialogues decently, loosely, very loosely, or not at all following actual historical meetings in accordance with the context plato provides in his works, and would any of the speeches or lines of argument be familiar to an Athenian audience (especially ones made not by more antagonistic interlocutors)?

I am currently writing a short story involving a lighthouse, and I was wondering if anyone knows how they used to heat them, or keep them at reasonable temperatures for the lighthouse keepers (circa 1800). If you don't know the answer, is there another place/ subreddit that would be more likely to answer this question? Thanks!

Other examples:

Emperor of Ethiopia

Shah of Iran

Tsar of Russia