Why didn't Rome build a border wall in mainland Europe like how they did in Britain?

3 Answers 2022-01-08

Marx and Engels had written that in communist societies the categories of capitalism (prices, wages, money etc) would dissapear and replaced by accounting based on labor time. Was there any discussion or attempt in countries of Eastern bloc and USSR to move towards such a system post 50s?

1 Answers 2022-01-08

Do we have evidence of Anglo-Saxon pagans sending missions to convert Christians in the 7th century?

Hello all,

I'm currently reading 'The Anglo-Saxons. A history of the beginnings of England' by Marc Morris.

Right now, I've just finished a chapter regarding St Wilfird and his life. During Wilfird's life, paganism still existed (strongly) in areas of what is now England. Penda - the last great Anglo-Saxon King only died in 655.

Morris writes about how Penda's death opened the floodgates for the last major kingdom on the island to allow Christian preachers to flood in, mostly from Northumbria. We have plenty of documentation regarding this in addition to further evidence of priests being sent around the island to convert the remaining pagans, but my question regards the opposite of this movement.

We know people didn't convert easily. We also know that a lot of converts actually were quick to relapse to their pagan ways following any sign of real 'cosmic threat' - Morris specifically cites the great plague of 664 - where we have written records of Anglo-Saxons restoring their old pagan temples are reaffirming their belief in the old Gods to combat the devastating plague.

What I'm interested in is - do we have any evidence, at all, of pagan Kings sending out preachers to their Christian neighbours - particularly at times of hardship. We know these people clung to their beliefs far longer than the Church would have liked and it just seems odd to me that there seems to have been no real movement to 'bring the Christians back into the fold'.

I appreciate that we've only really got Christian written sources to look at but does anybody at all write about this? Bede maybe? Is there any record of this occurring in the Anglo-Saxon chronicles?

Cheers!

1 Answers 2022-01-08

What was the domestic reaction to Atatürk's reforms in Turkey? Were they popular, was there opposition? It seems like there was a lot of change in a very short space of time.

1 Answers 2022-01-08

Jagiellon represented by Piast eagle in Hungary?

Today I've visited Hungarian parliament building in Budapest. There in the assembly hall the main Hungarian dynasties are represented on the wall. From the left there is Àrpàds coat of arms, then House of Anjou, Hunyadi's coat of arms. Then somewhat strangely Jagiellon are represented not by their coat of arms i.e. the golden double cross on the blue field. They are represented by the polish eagle which was the coat of arms of Piast dynasty. Why is that the case? Is there a story behind it? The guide couldn't give me any answers for that so I'm asking here.

1 Answers 2022-01-08

How did Georgy Zhukov's fall from grace come about?

I've been reading a little online about Marshal Georgy Zhukov and his roles through World War II, after the war, and post-Stalin. He seems to have mostly held his power through these periods, but suddenly, in 1957, upon return from a foreign trip to Yugoslavia, he was accused of "non-party behavior" and stripped of his positions, forced into retirement, only six months after his crucial support kept Khrushchev in power.

What happened in those six months, and how did someone who survived Stalin's purges fall to post-Stalin politics?

1 Answers 2022-01-08

How did German citizen’s view the Holocaust while it was happening?

Hello! I have been taking a second look at the Holocaust after digging into my family tree. I am curious how much the people of Germany knew about what was actually happening during WW2, and how they viewed what they knew. From my limited research skills, there’s not many sources of information on it. I have watched documentaries where they bring the citizens of surrounding towns into the liberated concentration camps, and they appear shocked. Yet, from what I’ve read, they were mostly aware of where the war was leading, including “death camps.” Can someone shed more light on this for me? How much did they know and how did they feel about it?

1 Answers 2022-01-08

How did ancient civilizations "clean up" after battles?

TIL that something like 70,000 people died in the Battle of Carthage. In a world without much in the way of technology or machinery, what do you DO with that many corpses? Did they attempt to retrieve (presumably valuable) armor and weapons? Did they bury them in mass graves somewhere?

2 Answers 2022-01-08

How effective was the American New Deal in combatting the Great Depression?

The New Deal was in effect between 1933 and 1939, and in that time, the great depression didn't end. It only ended because of the massive spending caused by WWII. I've heard some sources say that the New Deal actually made things worse. The problem I've found with researching this is that it boils down to a battle between Keynesian and laissez-faire economics, so the advocates of each system will give an answer that fits their narrative. Of course, any answer is going to be more nuanced than government spending being simply good or bad.

1 Answers 2022-01-08

In Yojimbo (1961) why does Sanjuro Kuwabatake have a different hairstyle from the other male characters?

This might be obvious, but I don’t know much about Samurai history. Toshirô Mifune’s character has different hair than almost every other man in the film. The rest of the men have very distinct shaved haircuts, but he and one other male character have nonshaved hair in buns. Does this have to do with the fact that he and the other man are samurais? Where did these haircuts for men in the Edo Period come from?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

There are an estimated 9 to 10 million Presbyterian Christians divided amongst 100 different denominations out of a population of 51.7 million in South Korea. How did a branch of Christianity originating in Scotland become the faith of nearly 1 in 5 South Koreans today?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

Using newspapers as sources?

I read and watch social history, and they use letters to newspapers as a source. How do you tell it isn’t from a crank which is just printed to make everyone laugh, and elicit response letters?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

What is the foundation of the claim that the British robbed India of $45 trillion and caused the deaths of 1.8 billion Indians during their rule? Are these figures accepted by modern scholars?

There was a recent popular post about this on TIL: https://np.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/rpwjx1/til_that_britain_robbed_india_of_45_trillion_18/ It’s a fairly popular claim on reddit in general.

The original source is the article by Dr Gideon Polya: https://mronline.org/2019/01/15/britain-robbed-india-of-45-trillion-thence-1-8-billion-indians-died-from-deprivation/

So, what’re the foundations for the two claims and are they accepted by modern scholars?

2 Answers 2022-01-07

Can someone give me a hint on what historical sources I can analyse in order to determine whose responsibility the Korean War has been?

Dear Historians, Im a student from Germany and currently writing an essay about the Korean War from 1950-53. As part of this essay I am asked to analyse a source. I am focusing my essay on the question of responsibility that I can conclude whose responsibility this war has been. Now I wondered if some of you may now a good source I could analyze in order to answer that question myself. Maybe some sort of political speech? I am clueless. Thanks in advance for any kind of help. Bye

2 Answers 2022-01-07

Was Tolkien's monster spider Shelob the first "giant spider" in Western literature, fantasy, or folklore?

The giant spider is one of the most omnipresent monsters in present-day fantasy and gaming but I can't think of any antecedent before Shelob in The Hobbit.

Greek myth has Arachne and there are trickster spider figures in African and American indigenous stories (and apparently one giant people-eating spider in Seneca stories.) But I can't find anything that Tolkien would have been building from when creating what is now a bread-and-butter fantasy monster.

4 Answers 2022-01-07

The Taiping Rebellion led to 20-30 million deaths in China. Was this tragedy almost entirely due to European colonialism in China i.e. the century of humiliation?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

How did the six pack become the common standard for selling beer? Why six?

I am from the USA so maybe a six pack is not a universal standard for beer grouping everywhere.

1 Answers 2022-01-07

The Islamic calendar includes four holy months, split 1-3, in which fighting is forbidden. How did this prohibition affect geopolitical reality during the Crusades?

Deepest apologies if I've misunderstood the Islamic calendar, I'm drawing this from everyone's favourite primary source, wikipedia, but it seems to be pretty clear in the article that, at the very least, "engaging in wars to retake the Holy Land" isn't on the table in these two periods.

How strictly did Muslim leaders observe this restriction on fighting during the Crusades? Would Saladin have put his campaign on pause for three months during Hajj season? The Christian Crusaders don't seem like the sort of kindhearted fellows who'd have said, "oh yeah sure, you guys can have Rajab, just don't attack us during Lent or Easter, huh?"

1 Answers 2022-01-07

Why is "Pharaoh" seemingly used as both a title and a name?

The most obvious examples that come to mind are from the Bible, where pharaohs are never named:

“I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.”

Maybe the actual names of the pharaohs in the Bible were lost or omitted because they would sound too foreign to their intended audience. But I've definitely seen it used that way in other contexts (EDIT: see examples below), and you'd never see the word "king" used this way even if their name was unknown.

Apparently "pharaoh" originated from a word meaning "great house" but that doesn't seem to really shed any light on things. Neither did this Wikipedia article on Egyptian royal titles.

The Bible even includes a kingly title after the name Pharaoh in a number of instances, e.g.:

“Go, tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of his country.”

I'd also be curious to know if there are any other cultures with similarly-functioning titles.

EDIT: Found some non-Biblical examples from a Futurama episode. Transcript here - it's used frequently. Would this just be a convention they picked up from the Bible?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

The 1st Amendment of the US Bill of Rights forbids laws that are based on religion, so what secular justification did politicians have for outlawing homosexuality for so long?

2 Answers 2022-01-07

Peter Stashkov was a random elderly peasant who was taken off the seats and sent to the peace negotiations in 1917. How did he interact with the other European nobles and statesmen he was forced into discussing a peace with?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

How valuable would an OK modern kitchen knife be in middle ages?

The technological advancements over centuries are often hard to grasp. Sometimes I like to wonder if a basic tool, such as a kitchen knife would be a good benchmark for it.

If we consider an OK everyday knife, e.g. Ikea https://www.ikea.com/us/en/p/ikea-365-3-piece-knife-set-90341170/ worth ~$20, would it roughly compare to an european medieval knife in terms of quality and durability? (except for stainless steel material). How large portion of household's wealth would it be?

2 Answers 2022-01-07

How often do historians work with archeologists and curators? Additionally, how much historical research is the 'field work' of uncovering new data (e.g. seeking out old manuscripts) versus analyzing already widely published data?

1 Answers 2022-01-07

Was the Han Dynasty similar to the Roman Republic/Empire in terms of cultural/military reach and influence?

I couldn't find anything in the search regarding this topic. Only a couple that talked about the Han and Roman in relationship to each other but I'm more curious about how big and powerful the Han Dynasty really was in terms of external power. Or was much of it's praise in terms of internal function and stability.

1 Answers 2022-01-07

During the 1500's and 1600's were tactics of pike and shot armies in any way borrowed by ancient texts on the Macedonian phalanx?

Considering during the Rennaissance Western Europe began to gain more and more access to classical works, and this was the time that pike armies began to dominate the battlefield, did any commander ever use ancient works on Alexander the Great and his Macedonian phalanx to try and gain some insight on how to use said armies effectively?

2 Answers 2022-01-07

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