As I understand only freeborn men over the age of 18 having completed military service, currently owning land and having two freeborn Athenian parents. The last claim interests me in particular, there would have been presumably a great number of foreigners from neighbouring city states and regions?

I've been watching WW2 documentaries and the way they describe D-day makes it seem like there's literally thousands of bodies just laying all over the place, even Nazis along with Ally bodies. How did they deal with the bodies after a battle while under a the pressure of a counter attack and setting up logistics for a contiental invasion. I know there's large graves near the beaches in France for WW2 deaths today.

Did they take time to pause to collect the bodies? Did they have groups collecting bodies behind troops fighting and pushing the front out? Did they have it a dignified way were made to think soldiers get when they die or was it collect their dog tag and toss them into a pile to be moved to a cemetery near the beach or into a mass grave? Did they take time to place every single body into the appropriate grave site? How was it for the Soviets or Nazis? I'm assuming they tossed the dead into a large mass grave and build some Tomb of the Unknown type memorial at the site. I get they paid the greatest price and they were bothers in arms but dignified and orderly burials and funeral seems like a huge waste of time, resources and men during something massive like Operation Overlord or Operation Barbarossa.

Does it still exist kept in a museum in Paris or something. Or when Germany conquered France in 1940 was it destroyed as a symbolic representation of Germans throwing off their “shackles”

The KKK are a Christian group, so wouldn't the burning of a cross be considered blasphemous? What was the significance of that act?

As the title says, I am currently in search of both primary and secondary sources regarding medieval warfare from both the Christian and Islamic world around 10-12th century.

Right now I am writing a paper on the development of warfare between the west and east which in addition to this talks in depth about the battles of the First Crusade, specifically Dorylaeum and Antioch. The crusade section is mainly discussing the battlefield tactics utilized on both sides and their effectiveness within the battle.

Whilst I am contempt with the primary sources I have gathered so far (But am welcoming of new suggestions), I am lacking in secondary literature about this topic. Right now I am reading the works of John France and Georgios Theotokis but am In need of more.

If anyone could recommend any primary/secondary sources relating to above, it would be greatly appreciated.

I'm aware, that by the time of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the German Empire was practically starving due to a lack of food (caused mostly due to the British naval blockade). However even back then I thought that Ukraine and Ruthenia were major grain producers, and I would have thought that when the Germans signed the treaty, gaining all of this land, the seizure of such fertile lands would have been a massive boon to the starving German people? Yet I can't find any details on if the treaty had any impact or not.

Is it just that Ukraine and (modern_) Belarus weren't as big grain exporters as they are nowadays? Or was the overall impact on Germany just not enough to warrant a mention or any information on the subject. (As I'm still fairly sure that even with a stable food supply Germany and Austria-Hungary would have lost)

I am curious to know what the public reaction was, if any, and how different sectors of society responded to the discovery.

I’ve probably heard this a billion times at this point but it recently got resparked when talking about a YouTuber named Oversimplified and their two part video on the Russian Revolution. I was told that the video portrayed American propaganda about how Stalin’s political enemies disappeared, that elections were free and fair under Lenin and he did not seize the power back after losing in that way, and that the economic struggle with East Berlin vs West Berlin portrayed communism as the worse-off side without giving the full picture. I’d love to know where these sources come from that portray the full picture but it’s never been told to me where they got it from. Is America’s understanding really watered-down or does it just not fit their historical view of the situation?

Hello fellow Historians!

I've been researching my grandfathers' life for a while now, but I got stuck right at the end of WWII in 1945. My grandfather died in 2000, and unfortunately, he never really wanted to tell what happened during that time. Although I never could actually talk about it to him, my dad passed some information that my grandfather told him anyway about it:

- his name was Fritz Lüdtke, born in 1926 in Silesia (Poland)- he served for the German military during the Second World War- in 1945 he was with a German submarine off the coast of Norway- missiles hit the submarine and it sunk- my grandfather and his friends needed to swim in the sea for 24h in order to get rescued by the British Military- after that, they went to British imprisonment

I can't find anything on Google and other search engines on that incident. No names, no submarine code, no story about it in the news, nor any national records about it. My dad really wants to know what really happened to them, as he gets older as well and doesn't really know anything about him. We don't even know his birthday or my grandfathers' parents.

How do I find that story about the submarine, their mission, where exactly they were bombed, where he was brought to afterwards, when they got released and sent back to Germany etc.? Maybe someone knows a story like that and could help me?

Thank you very much, and I hope you have a great day!

I've recently begun studying ancient Rome in my spare time. Something I've recently been looking at specifically was the infantry tactics round about the time of the second samnite war when they changed from the "phalanx with joints" to the newer model of fighting to cope with the mountainous terrain the Romans found themselves in.

I'm aware that centurions were expected to be the first into battle and the last out, and am curious about anything relating to that and the position itself..but primarily I'd like to understand the reputational gains this would have provided in ancient Rome and also how experienced a legionnaire would need to be to get it.

Thank you

In movie The Last Duel (2021), Marguerite kisses Le Gris on the lips upon making his acquaintance. While watching, I was unsure if it was a cheek kiss slip up that somewhat played a role in the unfolding of the unfortunate "misunderstanding" later, or if it was a normal occurrence during the time.

Apparently there was a scene where Carrouges was meant to kiss Pierre on the lips that was cut out of the release. I assume this means that it was normal to kiss people on the lips in greeting during France in the 1300's?

Would love to hear from a historian on the matter!

There are many that come to mind, but in recent years the most commonly cited racist ones are the crows from Dumbo, the native Americans from Peter Pan, and the Siamese cats from Lady and the Tramp.

Were they seen as racist at the time or is that the product of hindsight and over half a century of progress since they were released?

This story, which inspired Herman Melville's Moby Dick, has always troubled me. I have heard of modern day survival stories where castaways survived much longer out at sea by fishing, and hunting birds. I understand that fresh water was also a concern, but instead of cannibalizing their crew, why didn't they turn to hunting and fishing more?

We'e things just splintery, or were other tools/methods employed before sandpaper was invented?

I'm interested in learning about the history of Ireland. I found nothing that really fit what I'm looking for on the FAQ, so I'm asking you guys for recommendations on a narrative, beginner-friendly, single-volume History of Ireland.

I got interested at Modern Ireland: 1600-1972, by R.F. Foster, but it's unavailable where I live and to import it would be very expensive. Is it good? Is there any alternative?

Thanks and sorry if that breaks any subreddit rules.

While writing my senior thesis on the Ku Klux Klan, I noticed that a lot of their rhetoric was directed towards East Asian men, particularly Japanese immigrants, as not only trying to take control of the West Coast of America but also stealing white women, just like how Black men were feared to do in the South. This rhetoric was from the 1920s, so World War II was definitely not the catalyst for it. It’s a far cry from the stereotyping today of Asian men being more submissive and asexual.