What does the reaction triggered by the gold rush say about the american character?

Hello, Historians, I hope you are having a good day!

I have been looking into what has made the United States the most successful country in the world, focusing on the psychological aspect. There is obviously something very different about Americans which has caused the nation to become the center of the world in almost everything from innovation to entertainment.

I was reading a Pew Research collection about some key studies where Americans were clearly set apart from every other country in regions such as optimism, religion, and individualism.

When looking back on the nation's turning points, the gold rush in 1849 especially symbolized the American mindset to me: hundreds of thousands of Americans picked up as many belongings as they could to set off on a 3000-mile, extremely dangerous journey based off of rumors that there was an abundance of gold.

So my question, hoping to spark a discussion: What does the reaction triggered by the gold rush say about the american character? What is this "American Mindset" which has caused the nation to stand out from all others? Is it a mix of risk taking, optimism, and the belief that hard work pays off? How did it begin?

2 Answers 2016-03-07

Where can I go to research famine, persecution, and diaspora around the time of German Unification (~1870s).

Wiki gives us one small line that begs to be expanded. Working on getting a copy of the source, "Rhineland radicals" by Sperber.

"The economic, social and cultural dislocation of ordinary people, the economic hardship of an economy in transition, and the pressures of meteorological disasters all contributed to growing problems in Central Europe."

2 Answers 2016-03-07

I just joined the Wehrmacht during WW2, where am I sent for basic training?

How long will I be in basic?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

In East Germany, did any veterans of the Gestapo go on to serve in the Stasi?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

How true is the statement "When the Soviet Union fell, The West treated Russia like Germany 1918 rather than 1945, a vanquished enemy to be exploited instead of a potential new friend"?

I read this in an article which I can't find now and was wondering how accurate it was.

3 Answers 2016-03-07

Where battles in the middle ages just as chaotic as they seem in the movies?

Just a mass of people fighting each other? How did they choose who to fight? There must have been a lot of mistakes where soldiers would kill their comrades if that's the case.

Edit: WERE*

1 Answers 2016-03-07

During Napoleonic Era, was heavy cavalry very advantageous in cavalry vs cavalry combat?

Heavy cavalry had, at least as a rule, bigger horses and sometimes wore a cuirass; but was it a significant advantage in cavalry versus cavalry combat?

4 Answers 2016-03-07

The question of the seven Nazis in Spandau prison seems to have been hotly debated, morally, logistically and politically. Can you point me to some contemporary opinions from people with a personal relationship to the prisoners' and Nazi Germany's crimes? (i.e. Jewish and Eastern European debaters)

On a related note, I would also like to find out more about what Spandau prison was like before, during the Nazi era.

1 Answers 2016-03-07

Earliest Peoples in North America

This might be a somewhat cliche focus for all you learned guys and gals reading this. But I've always been interested in the peoples who came over to the Americas. Something about the hardship they endured and rugged nature of the people who first moved across intrigues me. An example of the sort of thing that kinda sets off my wondering is the movie Pathfinder. I know it's fiction and such, but it always gets me thinking about what these people must have been like. Even looking at the Yukon and Alaska and the Northwest Territory now, northern North America is not an incredibly hospitable place that many people think about in any terms beyond adventure.

So what I'm asking for is an idea of what the earliest people who came over were like. Perhaps who they descended from (I'm vaguely aware they're of Asian descent), cultures that spurred from them, perhaps the history of specific people or important events. I've never heard of any big North American empires, but I'm not a historian either. Basically the more informative and in-depth (so, long) your answer the better (though, don't not post an answer if you think it's shorter than I'd like).

4 Answers 2016-03-07

Did the little ice age affect Icelandic cuisine? If so, in what way?

The Icelandic plate consists of a lot of arctic fish, spices, and milk. The fish in Iceland are much bigger than the same species of fish elsewhere in Europe due to the cold waters, so I can only assume that the Icelandic people were even more well-fed during this time.

Am I right in this assumption? Is there any information on this? Thanks!

1 Answers 2016-03-07

What is the most evidential, non-biblical writing/scripts that prove the existence of Jesus Christ - and what religion does it mainly relate too?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

What are some good books on European/Mediterranean/Middle East Protohistory, Mesolithic to Bronze in particular?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

Were Dame Knights in chivalric orders actually a thing? Any examples?

This HistoryExtra article popped up on my feed, quoting a Rupert Matthews. Basically, it said that any man who had land and funds was a knight, and expected to show up on a battlefield with armed men. They were also expected to collect taxes on their land, keep roads and bridges in repair, and maintain law and order.

According to the article, if a knight died with no male offspring of age, the widow or daughter of the house was expected to fulfill that duty. It says that such female knights were called "lady" in England, but other countries called them "knight," and that by 1358 women were being admitted to the chivalric orders.

To my disappointment, the article doesn't really address the warfaring side of Dame Knights, or provide any examples. Were there Dame Knights with chivalric orders? How common (or uncommon) was it? I mean, I've heard about warrior queens, but I thought such women were pretty rare, and I definitely thought that the "freedom" to fight as a woman, undisguised, in battle tended to be a privilege of royalty that everyone had to obey. I know there's always been instances of female commoners dressing up like boys and fighting in battle, but for a noblewoman to be acknowledged as a knight is new to me. Was it a purely ceremonial role? Did they just manage lands and property and send a representative into battle?

2 Answers 2016-03-07

What were relations like between the Swahili city-states of the west African coast (Mombasa, Zanzibar, and other smaller cities) and the interior?

I'm really interested in the period before European arrival, but as I imagine that's a bit more difficult to source for English-language historians, I'd also be interested in the early period of European arrival in the area (before they were actually conquered by Portugal, Britain, etc).

In response to a comment now deleted, I realise that "the interior" is not very clear. I mean the tribal groups inland, in what is now Kenya and Tanzania. The ones that might have some contact with the Swahili city-states. Not all the way into the central African jungle.

1 Answers 2016-03-07

What did people think about static electricity before electricity was discovered?

This is what made me think about that: https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/49br6j/static_electricity_attracting_sand/

Did they think it was magic? Did they make a big deal out of it? Or was it just a weird little quirk they thought nothing about?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

Why were early Puritanical Americans so paranoid about witchcraft?

I always thought witchcraft was derived from pagan traditions. If the pilgrims were Christian, where did they think the pagans would have come from?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

What factors contributed to Britain's decision to withdraw from Palestine in 1947?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

Do we have real evidence for or against the notion that Joan of Arc personally fought as a melee combatant?

This is question was inspired by a similar one in /r/history that did not get a satisfying answer.

2 Answers 2016-03-07

Most of the times 18th century Pirates strapped multiple pistols to their belts when in combat. Why didn't captains or other high ranking seamen in the navy (e.g. Royal Navy) do the same? Wouldn't it be more convenient?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

William Claiborne and John Young Brown were elected to the US House of Representatives before they were 25, and eventually seated. Are there any other examples of underage people being seated in Congress?

And an immediate followup - how does the House decide whether or not to seat someone?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

Do we know of anyone who survived the entirety of World War I at the front?

Most of what I read (or hear) about World War I emphasizes the incredible casualties, both in absolute numbers and in relative numbers. The tone often seems to suggest that if a soldier spent enough time at the front line, it was only a matter of time before he was killed. Do we know of anyone who survived all four years of front-line warfare? (If this was actually pretty common, that's what I'm curious about.)

I understand that nobody spent the entire war right on the front line and that there were rotations onto and off the line. But within the framework of that regular rotation schedule, did anyone survive all four years of combat on the Western Front?

2 Answers 2016-03-07

How did the rules of war change from WWI to the early days of WWII?

From what I understand during the first world war many generals stuck to what could be called the "old way of waging war" with men charging in lines and the use of cavalry with few motorized vehicles/tanks. And when Germany began the second world war they changed that by starting to use fast warfare with lots of motorized infantry and tanks which caught a lot of nations off guard. I am no history genius but I've been thinking about this lately and was wondering how much of this true. Thanks :)

1 Answers 2016-03-07

IAMA Classics Professor who has travelled around Europe to translate ancient Latin textbooks to English. AMA about what this means for our understanding of Roman history

I'm Professor Eleanor Dickey from Classics at the University of Reading in the UK and my new book about Latin translations and textbooks has just been published.

This gives us lots of insights into how Romans actually lived their lives, because the textbooks for learning Latin include sample conversations about shopping in the market, lounging at the baths, and arguing with drunken relatives.

I'll be answering questions from 3pm GMT / 10am EST and will hope to be here for at least two hours.

Proof: This is me, running a Roman-style classroom to show my students how children of the Empire would have learned.

Department of Classics on Twitter: @UniRdg_Classics

Thanks very much everyone but I need to see a student now. I’ll be back online to answer more questions in 3 hours, at 8pm GMT / 3pm EST / 12pm PST

I am now back online ready to answer more questions.

Good night, everyone! I need to log off now, but thank you all for your excellent questions.

43 Answers 2016-03-07

How serious was ballroom dancing in the 18/19th century?

I've seen in movies, and in a ballet some really extreme precision ballroom dancing. At least in the movies there could be fifty people all dancing perfectly, switching partners and using a large variety of moves. Obviously that is through the magic of Hollywood and a ballet troop, but how intense were these dances actually?

At a ball would almost most attendees dance? And would they all dance fairly well, or would people be screwing up and getting run over by other dancers? If I could really tear it up on the dance floor in Paris and I took a trip to Vienna or St. Petersberg how would I fare, would I need lots of practice for new dances?

1 Answers 2016-03-07

(NSFW) In the TV show Vikings Ragnar Lothbrok and the Prince of Wessex both have wives that are known publicly to have been unfaithful. Both men remain married to them. Are there any documented instances of Kings or Princes in medieval Europe to have remained with unfaithful spouses?

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1 Answers 2016-03-07

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