What do historians actually know about the Shia Imams? Multiple major historical figures who allegedly stayed in hiding all their lives, only known through intermediaries protecting their lives and location - does this present an insurmountable obstacle for historians to work with? Did they exist?

I read a line about the Nizaris at Alamut possibly just "discovering" that a person was in line for the Imamate after the Imam, Occulted after generations since the fall of the Fatimids, had failed to reappear. This seems like such a difficult area to do historical work in, so I'm wondering what kind of progress has been made at all. Are we confident Imam Mahdi was reflective of an actual person? How developed was the tradition of hidden leadership in the ancient near east? How does the historical evidence of pre-Qajar Ismaili Imams that we seem to know existed despite being occluded look and compare to more obscure ones?

1 Answers 2021-09-22

History of Fake News

I’m looking for a good pop-history book about the history of fake news, especially regarding new technologies like the Printing Press, Radio, the early Internet, and the like! Any info would be greatly appreciated!!

1 Answers 2021-09-22

King Canute holding back the tide

O ink-stained historians, hear my supplication!

The legend of King Canute (or, delightfully, "Cnut") is known to every man, woman, boy, girl, dog cat and fish in Britain. This is the story of the great king who had his throne placed on the beach, to demonstrate that he could hold back the tide.

Of course he got his feet wet, and is now a byword for vainglorious folly.

But I read once that his motive was not to test his power but to demonstrate his mortal nature to courtiers who believed that he actually could hold back the tide.

What do we know about the courtiers or subjects of King Cnut that may have made him feel that such a piece of theatre was of need? What attitudes and beliefs would have centred on this powerful personage? Might be have actually believed himself that he could hold back the tide?

So that I can set my jingoism correctly, geographically where might this event have happened, if it is known to history?

I'd love to know what kind of man he was. I read a puckish sense of humour in his action, with a side of "I'm not the Messiah!"

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Both Zoroastrianism and Norse paganism seem to have at its center one chief deity and then various lesser deities but Zoroastrianism is often claimed to be the oldest monotheistic religion while Norse paganism is seen as polytheist. How did these religions come to be viewed so differently?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Circumcision existed in Royal Family from Edward VII to Prince Charles, how did this start and how far did it extend?

Why on earth would Queen Victoria think she’s descended from King David and circumcise her sons? Did Prince Albert have any objections to this? Were obscure relatives to royals circumcised during this time period? Many royals in other countries at the time were related to Queen Victoria. We’re they aware of this and did they ever comment on it? Were any of them circumcised themselves?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Suetonius wrote that the Bellum Batonianum was the most difficult conflict Rome faced since the Punic Wars. Compared to other Roman conflicts in that time frame, from external wars from Gaul to Parthia, civil wars, Spartacus, how big of a conflict was this revolt in Illyria? Why would he write that?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Why did America move so much of its military manufacturing overseas?

It can’t just be because america shipped all its industry overseas. America has always wanted to be self sufficient right? Including procurement? So why do they now buy their tanks from German Rheinmetall, or not make their own guns anymore? Surely the benefit of self sufficiency is still there

1 Answers 2021-09-21

If a Roman soldier from the 2nd century were to awake one morning and suddenly find himself serving during the reign of Diocletian or Constantine, what major differences would he immediately notice?Which aspects of his military service would change the most?

Beyond differences in equipment, would he still recognize the basic practices, tactics, and structure of the army? Or would it mostly all seem new to him?

From his perspective, would the overall training and discipline of the army appeared to have changed much, and if so, to what extent?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Is there any connection between the Bronze Age Collapse of Minoan Crete and later Greek legends of Atlantis?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Why is mead not as popular as wine or beer?

What are the historical reasons as to why mead, one of the staple alcoholic drinks in the medieval era, declined in popularity in the last couple of hundred years?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Who owned the chariot teams in ancient Rome?

As I'm sure most of you know, chariot racing was wildly popular in ancient Rome. Some fans even went as far as throwing themselves on funeral pyres of their favorite chariot drivers. Each team (faction) had hundreds of thousands of fans, an empire-wide scouting apparatus, and state of the art stables.

I recently read a book as a part of my master's study in Sports Mangaement, in which it briefly mentioned that Roman chariot factions were 'privately' owned, as opposed to Byzantine/Eastern Roman teams later in history, who were publicly funded. Sadly, it didn't go into more detail. It made me wonder: Who actually owned these teams? Who funded them? Were they owned by an individual or groups of individuals, or do I have to think more in terms of the Palio di Siena, where each team represents a certain neighborhood or tribe in the city?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Why didn't Henry the VII just divorce Anne Boleyn? He'd already secured one divorce.

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Cherokee oral history recounts that a hereditary priesthood called the Ani-Kutani ruled over the Cherokee before its massacre in an uprising. What else do we know about this, and is it related to the local manifestation of Mississippian Culture.

3 Answers 2021-09-21

When talking about the Russian Revolution, why do teachers always start with the story of Rasputin?

I don't know of it's for everyone but Rasputin's story definitely is popular across the world and my teacher told us his story first before going to the actual Russian Revolution, my dad who's not a historian but knows a lot about history in the 19th and 20th century told Rasputin's story before Russian Revolution and Oversimplified on YouTube did the same.

When I asked my sister who's currently in her master for history (specialising in middle ages though), she said she had no idea.

I personally don't see a link between the 2, is it just a fun story people like to tell?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Mi Heng, who died in 198 CE, wrote a fu about what translators say was a parrot. What use did parrots have during the Three Kingdoms period?

Were they hunted or bred for feathers, or kept as pets, or simply wildlife? What associations, if any, did they have in Chinese literary culture?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

How did Russian citizens feel in the timespan between the USSR and Putin?

Was there hope for the future? Fear? Happiness? Joy?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

What happened to the Muslim Iberians who did not convert during the Spanish Inquisition? Do they identify as Muslim Spaniards?

2 Answers 2021-09-21

Texas's Lt. Governor has as much or more power as it's Governor. How did the state end up with this situation?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Was there a dollar equivalence in the Marshall Plan and aid spent on Africa? Why wasn't there similar results?

There's a 9gag post (https://9gag.com/gag/aDdE1wB) which smells a bit like b*llocks, I was curious if this is actually an area of study.  Basically it's a twitter post that reads:

"the world has spent ~$900 billion (in today's dollars) in aid to Africa since 1960, according to the OECD.

"After WW2, the US gave $110 billion (today's dollars) which completely rebuilt Western Europe from the ruins.

"We've given Africa 8 Marshall Plans.  And for what?"  

Is this a true summary?  If so, why have the results been so different?

4 Answers 2021-09-21

Springfield had been making weapons for the US since 1778. What led to it closing in 1968, after 190 years of operation?

It had created many many frontline American service firearms. Surely it can’t just be ‘budget concerns’ seeing as how large the US military budget is

2 Answers 2021-09-21

Age of Sail project

Hello, I am working on a project about naval warfare during Age of Sail. I know some basics but nothing in depth really - and that's my goal, to educate myself to achieve better result with my project.

Since I am not looking for high historical-accuracy, more likely to be inspired by history - I'll take any answers you will write down. What am I looking for? If there is any source from which I can study about this era - books, articles, videos, online PDFs, etc.

What exactly I need - anything really. Something where I can find out about what type of ammunition/gunnery ships were used (differences in nations, who used what, etc. - even unused prototypes), sailors roles in and off combat, ranks of officers and what their role was on the ship, what equipment was used (tools, specific weapons, etc.), what kind of life was on the ship (if there were any events during sailing - like, shows/theatres. How good was meal/chef, if there was any kind of profesional staff - surgerons, carpenters etc.), how ship comunicated during combat, if any nations had bigger advantage in technology (like, if one nation had better sails, other one better officers, etc.) or what kind of cargo ships usually had onboard and what it was good/used for. And for last question I have on my mind for now - which nations had in overall (during whole era) best Navy (Ships, officers, equipment, etc.)

As you can see, I am looking for anything what I could possibly use.
I am looking foward to your answers! Thank you very much.

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Was Lorenzo de' Medici really THAT crucial to the balance of power in Renaissance Italy?

Many stories that describe the political context preceding the French Invasion of 1494 mention his crucial role in maintaining that Balance of Power, even sometimes implying somehow that it wouldn't have happened if he was still alive. However, others claim that King Ferdinand of Naples was the real arbiter of the Peninsula, with some even giving him the title of "Judge of Italy".

I saw this quote on the website Britannica that basically claims that his Lorenzo's role in the Balance of Power was overblown:

"But the claims made for Lorenzo as “the peacemaker” of Italy, even as a “constructor of a balance of power,” have no substance—except insofar as he, as ruler of a militarily weak state in his last years, inevitably took part in a balance of weak states from which only Venice stood out "

So, which one was it? Was he really that important?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Is calling the first World War that and not "The Great War" obfuscating the historical records?

I am currently listening and reading a lot about the 1900 time range and the prelude to the Great War. Thinking about it without having the second on in the back of my mind opened me to a more broad acknowledgement of its effects for the Balkans, Russia, Austria, Germany, even the US.

From my school days, getting them presented as WW1 and then WW2 coupled them in a way that had me not understand the profound differences between the two wars.

Especially as a German, this is interesting due to WW2 being as black and white as it is portrayed but WW1 really being an all around catastrophe with basically no "good guys" and a very 9/11 like start.

So my question is - would framing WW1 as "The Great War" allow for a more unique understanding of it, more decoupled from WW2?

1 Answers 2021-09-21

What is a good secular source to research the Radical Reformation in Switzerland?

I want to learn more about the Anabaptist movement's origins. I am not religious, but I grew up in a high anabaptist population region and am curious.

I have read a bit about Zwingli, Hubmaier, Mann, etc. I want to learn about the broader social context, as I know there were uprisings, wars, etc.

Any books or historians you suggest?

Or, anyone care to do a breakdown of anything you know of this era of Swiss history?

Cheers

1 Answers 2021-09-21

Is there any documentation or/literature on suicide and depression in the pre-industrial world?

I know the concept of mental illness is invented 19th-20th century, but I'm sure that suicide and being depressed is a thing that are universal across time and culture, though they may manifest in different. It doesn't have to be academic literature, but can be anything from lines in books or quotes.

The reason I was prompted to make this is that I've found this passage from the hadith "the afflictions and the end of the world" that describes the event of the end times very interesting:

"the hour will not be established until till a man when passing by a grave of someone will say, 'Would that I were in his place"

I was caught off guard by how raw that was, considering this was recorded almost 2000 years ago

1 Answers 2021-09-21

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