Were penny-farthing bikes popular when they were first invented? If so, who was the target audience?

Photo for assistance: http://tinyurl.com/nqlovfz

2 Answers 2015-06-18

Why was Eddie Slovik executed for desertion during World War II while other deserter's sentences were reduced?

So while watching the American Heroes Channel I heard about Norman Cota and went to Wikipedia to learn more.

I came across Eddie Slovik who I learned was a World War II deserter through links from Cota's page. As I was reading I came across this:

Colonel Robert C. Bard of the judge advocate general's office noted that of the 2,864 army personnel tried for desertion for the period January 1942 through June 1948, 49 were convicted and sentenced to death, and 48 of those sentences were voided by higher authority.

Norman Cota approved the death sentence, and Slovik later wrote Eisenhower a letter. Eisenhower confirmed the execution citing the necessity of discouraging other deserters.

So why was only Slovik chosen to be executed? There were 48 other instances of desertion in which the death sentences were voided, what made the higher command follow through with Slovik's execution?

2 Answers 2015-06-18

Have horrible dictators done anything good?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

How did the laws of war come to be? How did certain ways of killing others in war come to be seen as so inhumane it can't be allowed even in a war?

3 Answers 2015-06-18

I have a very specific question related to the Third Dynasty of Ur in ancient Sumer.

I also just asked this in /r/askhistory but this sub seems a lot more populated.

I'm writing a historical fiction novel that takes place in the years before and at the start of the reign of Shulgi, son of Ur-Nammu. I am trying to go by Middle Chronology, and using good old Wikipedia I can place the beginning of the dynasty at 2112 BCE (2047 short). 17 years later, in 2094 BCE (2030 short) Ur-Nammu dies suddenly in battle with the ousted Gutians and his son Shulgi takes over. I'm having difficulty doing the math here, as it seems like either Shulgi was an infant when his 48-year reign began, or he was possibly 17, or something else entirely. My question is, how old was Shulgi when his father died?

Bonus questions: Is there information on how long it took for Shulgi to come to power, whether it was immediate or took perhaps up to a year (poems indicate social chaos followed Ur-Nammu's death)? Perhaps if there was any sort of contemporary political intrigue that could be drawn upon for dramatic effect?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Did people of great renown with epithets/nicknames knew they had one, even if it's bad nickname?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Why didn't the Habsburgs ever think, "damn, maybe we shouldn't do this?" when it comes to inbreeding?

Do they not see that their children are genetically (I think) inferior? They can't have that much pride can they?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

How brutal was the arab slave trade in comparison to the european and american slave trade?

I have been trying to find good books about arab slave trade, and by good books I mean from professors in universities. Could anyone recommend me one?

4 Answers 2015-06-18

What was the fuel cost for Alan Shepards golfing on the moon?

I've seen a lot of different numbers for fuel costs per pound but most are recent costs. Rumor was that Alan Shepard had a six iron head attached to some kind of rock mining shaft, but for simplicities sake and to not have to deduct unknown shaft weights, what would be the fuel cost to smuggle an average 1971 six iron and 2 golf balls into space?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Was there a concept of racial supremacy before the 1500s?

Or with the discovery of the new world came supremacy based on race?

The only thing i can think of is between local tribes.

2 Answers 2015-06-18

Are there any written accounts of Asian expeditions or travelers in Europe before the 1800s?

After reading a bit on Marco Polo, I began to wonder if the opposite was true; if there was any account by an Asian trader or scholar of their travels through the West.

My interest is mostly on China, but my curiosity extends to all of Asia, and even the Middle East (if anyone is willing to answer).

How was this information received by the respective country?

4 Answers 2015-06-18

What was the relationship between the Bolsheviks and the peasantry?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

When did the modern version of the redneck stereotype come into being in the U. S. ?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

How did Indira Gandhi go about the forced sterilization of all those men in India?

I learned recently about Indira Gandhi's efforts to stem the tide of overpopulation through forced sterilization. I've been wondering how she could've gone about to forced sterilization of so many men.

2 Answers 2015-06-18

In the Middle Ages, before the advent of nationalism, was there any semblance of national identity?

For example, take an English speaking peasant living in the Kingdom of England and a Norman speaking peasant living in the King of England's French holdings. To what extent would they see each other as different if they do at all?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Do different civilizations have different names for the same constellations or do they have entirely different constellations all together?

2 Answers 2015-06-18

Why is the famous picture of the damaged Apollo 13 Service Module so grainy?

This is the picture I mean. Other similar pictures from Apollo missions are quite clear. Did they not have enough time to take a lot of pictures and choose the best? Were they in Earth's shadow?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

How were commands given on naval vessels in the early 1900s?

Specifically, how did a captain make sure that his crew knew what he wanted them to do?

2 Answers 2015-06-18

During the slave trade, how did people consider relationships between slaves and slaveowners?

I am having difficulty understanding the sexual relations between slaveowners in Britain and the Americas during the slave trade (particularly in the 19th and 20th century).

Consider this essay by Philip D. Morgan on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/true/morgan.html

According to Hemings's son, he considered his mother a "concubine", i.e. basically sexual property existing for the pleasure of the slaveowner Thomas Jefferson.

How do historians explain this dynamic?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Does anyone know who Felicia Ravine is?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

What's the best way to learn about Ancient Greek Mythology?

3 Answers 2015-06-18

[Medieval] How would one go about ransoming a captured foe during the medieval period?

I read in a book that casualty rates amongst armored knights were often quite low. In part, this was due to their being better protected, but they were also more likely to be spared because they could be ransomed back to their family for gold, or used in negotiation (IE prisoner exchange).

What I have trouble imagining, however, is how someone would go about restraining a foe during battle. It is my understanding that Kings often traveled with a personal retinue which accompanied them in battle. Did knights have a similar retinue to restrain their prisoners, or was there some kind of etiquette to surrender?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

In your professional opinion, what is the most absurd historical garment pre-1900?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Why do we abide by a 7-day week? How widespread is this concept?

I assume that the concept of a year is fairly innate to watching the skies for millennia (and similarly so with months). I also know that other countries have understandably unique, non-Abrahamic dates for year we are in (such as Thailand and China), while the Western year is concurrently noted for many reasons. But how did the whole Sunday-Saturday thing come about? Is this a relatively modern construction, and do any prominent cultures that exist today follow a different sequence of days? While the cycle of the moon may vary, dividing anything by seven seems to be an odd choice to my ignorant brain.

1 Answers 2015-06-18

Why did the UN prefer the People's Republic of China over the Republic of China?

I know that the representative for China before was the ROC/ Taiwan but what made the UN favor PRC over ROC/ Taiwan?

1 Answers 2015-06-18

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