In early medieval times, I'm sure the kings of different germanic tribes would have consolidated power differently. I know that a king was typically elected at a Thing, but I don't know much else about it.

Did the kings have vassals to tax? Or were they just figureheads? How much influence did the jarls have?

Time period: Migration era until end of the viking age (4th-11th centuries AD).

Bonus question: When was the first documented case of flat out racism? (from any race)

I'm curious when the concept of pets first occurred. Not in a animal labor sort of capacity but in a traditional companionship manner.

And what was used as replacement currency until reconstruction of the German economy.

Without mentioning the huge ideological gaps between both regimes, the two nations had just finished fighting an eight year war of attrition. Did he think the Iranians would sympathize with his fight against the coalition?

I understand that there were too many coalition fighters guarding the skies on the border with Jordan, a friendly nation. However, it seems like it would have been better to hide them in revetments rather than give them over to his arch enemy.

There is not a lot of obvious intel on Google. There are paintings of 19C whalers stuck in arctic ice and references of the Vikings reinforcing vessels to break through thin ice, but no mention of what methods were used to free the ships if they were caught.

I saw this image circulating of Martin Luther King Jr. that has a quote attributed to him; "Never forget, everything Hitler did in Germany was legal." To keep my question simple, is this true?