As far as Im aware most of the steam engine parts back then were made in cast iron so how could they build steam piping systems that were airtight?

I recently had an argument with a french person on TikTok who tried to clam that Norway never became a country before 1905 and that were really just danish. Not tolerating bs about my country, i argued that Norway was founded in the middle of the viking age 872 when Harald Hårfagre defeated the petty kings at the battle of Hafrsfjord. He laughed at me for saying Norway was founded in the viking age. He said some more about Norway being a pet and that my country was a disgrace.

I knew he was unreasonable from the get go but it got me thinking, was i wrong for believing that Norway was a thing before 1905?

I've learned recently that Mao was in support of reforming the Chinese writing system to use Latin or Cyrilic alphabet to aid in increasing literacy following the end of the WW2 and that Stalin, among others, tried to dissuade him from doing so.

Everything that I know of Mao leads me to believe that he would not have been... 'encumbered' by such considerations as history or tradition or even practicality of his ideas and plans, so what transpired around him to lead him to abandon this idea? Did it ever become more than just an idea?

Why would Stalin oppose such a plan, even informally? I would imagine that spreading Cyrilic alphabet to billion Chinese people would potentially make it as dominant as Latin is today, and surely Stalin understood that? Wouldn't this be in line with the 'Workers of the world, unite' ideas and Comintern/Cominform goals?

I'm familiar with some of the practical linguistic problems of such a plan (no standard Chinese at the time until Bejing Mandarin was defined, problems of hanzi logograms not defining pronunciation and many variations existing which no alphabet system could account for).

I know America funded mujahideen groups when they were fighting the Soviets, but a mujahideen and a taliban are not the same thing. As far as I know, the taliban were formed by some emigrated Afghans in Pakistan with support from the Pakistani army. I'm sure they received American money and resources given to them by Pakistanis, but did they also receive help directly from America?

After the communist government and the Russians were defeated there was a power vacuum and the taliban began to fight the mujahideen, who were also fighting among themselves. Did America support the taliban in any way in that moment? Did America support any particular faction?

Hello, I am currently writing a historical fiction novel and I can't find much info on trading between the white emigrants and the native Americans trading at Fort Hall ( My setting specifically in the 1850s)

1. what did they think of each other why

- I know towards the civil war there was minor "Battles at the fort over treaties and the native Americans did trade with fur traders but other than that I cant find anything-

2.Can someone point me in the direction so I can properly show the Shoshone culture,

- Is there books, or websites, I can learn or talk to people on.

3. I need to be able to write the language written out?

for example, I want my Native American character's name to be sunflower but when she says it I want it to be spelled how they would say/ spell that word.

- I believe the Shoshone tribe That lived around fort hall in 1853 would be current day Idiaho if that helps

I learned recently that some women don’t have their milk supply appear until weeks after birth and some never get sufficient supply at all. What happened to infants of such women before baby formula? Did they just die? What tactics did women use in these situations to keep their babies alive?

I am trying to discover if there is historical precedent for large naval constructions such as ships or platforms being made largely out of bamboo, to see if it would be practical to do so in the future. So far, all I have found was the bamboo raft making of the Polynesians, which I believe were relatively small and open designs. But I didn't find anything about them building large vessels. Any help or information would be appreciated.

I'm reading le Morte D'Arthur and was confused to read that Sir Galahad grew up in a convent, seemingly until adulthood. Was this something that actually would have happened, or an embellishment to make the character seem holier? All I gleaned from Google is that his great aunt was the abbess, so perhaps that would make a difference?

If a noble boy did grow up in such circumstances, how would an arrangement like that work? As in, where would such a child live, be trained at arms, or educated?

I've seen a hundred times in books and movies something like King deciding an insignificant land dispute between two peasants. Were medieval style rulers that accessible to the common people? It just seems like they'd have more important stuff to do. I can't call up Joe Biden to complain about my landlord. Or really anyone at even a mediocre level of government with any hope a real response of resolution.

There was a number of reasons that caused the American civil war but I was more curious about timing of events.

When was becoming apparent that the civil war was going to occur?

Or maybe when was it obvious that the southern states were going to succeed from the United States and inevitably declare war?

Thanks for any insight!

W

Also if not allowed will delete thanks!

For example, the conquest and subsequent rule of India resulted in deaths of millions. Native peoples of the Americas suffered a genocide and a near total annihilation of their culture. Did the British / French / Spanish ever put forward a moral justification for that or were they unapologetically predatory?

I'm not a historian but I think that, at least in the late XIX-XX centuries, the "White Man's Burden" line of thought was common and that the colonists considered themselves benevolent overlords, whose mission was to civilize unwilling savages. Was it always the main rationale?

I presume it was no big deal for warships as, the way I understand it, they were dry docked and beached as often as possible, but I can't imagine merchant ships having such a luxury, or lasting long without any such treatment at all...

So did they use copper, like later ships, something else, or was fouling not as big problem as I think for them for some other reason?

Hi, so my mother recommended “A Case for Christ,” by Lee Strobel and I was wondering what his reputation was among historians. I’m currently in my senior year of my undergrad, and hoping for law school and I’ve taken the LSAT. Yet I’ve already noticed he commits logical fallacies quite often and I was wondering if he has criticism within the historian community.

Hi I am doing a project on the battle of Peleliu for my history class and I am looking for in depth books on the operational scale of the battle.

To clarify, I ask what life is like after 476, in places such as Spain, Africa (which I suppose would also mean before 476, after the Vandals conquered it) and Gaul.

There are probably a lot places I could look, but I was hoping for an in-depth answer with whatever information or expertise you possess. Things along the line of Roman relations with their new rulers, relation with the emperor in the east -- or anything else.

Thank you

It’s very well documented that members of the British security forces colluded with the Loyalist paramilitaries UVF and UDA. I was just asking if the converse was true, if there was Irish collusion with members of Republican paramilitaries. And how much collusion was there?

In movies or games like kingdom come deliverance set in medieval or ancient times, when stabbing or slashing someone with a sword or any other, there’s blood on it. How is it possible to do so when the opponent is wearing armor like a shirt of mail and is it common to see blood during melee, on weapons or armor?