Like where they used as recently? WWII?

I know that interest in Japanese culture was very high in the 1860s till the early 20th century but then it sort of died out. When did it die and how is it any different from contemporary interest in Japanese culture that is typified (and made fun of) by those described as "weeaboos"?

By Anglosphere I mean the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

I realize this is a pretty broad question but just looking at the heirs of the houses of Hapsburg, Hohenzollern, Bourbon etc it seems like theyre still pretty well off.

Did they just have to go and get regular jobs or something and managed to continue to be wealthy?

Can you point me in the direction of a free online medieval french dictionary? This is for Thibaut de Champagne (1201-1253, Navarre).

EDIT: or can you help me with a translation I'm doing? I've got my translation that I'm making myself, but I'm not sure how to check if it's correct.

Thank you!

Preferably non-Abrahamic religions :)

This came up in a discussion among friends. One of them was claiming that had it been just a bit longer or just a few more troops then the balance could have been tipped and the Viet Cong and NVA could have been "knocked out". Is there any truth to this?

Also, a bit more subjective, but was the war ever really possible to win?

I would also be interested to hear about any other times or places that used crucifixion as anything other than a method of execution, but I wanted to keep the question limited for purposes of answerability.

I don't particularly care about the medium or focus, just quality. Thanks.

Hello historians!

I recently read a chapter from David Landes' The Wealth and Poverty of Nations (1998). He very briefly mentions how the Vikings 'went into Slavic lands, establishing themselves as a new ruling class ...' called the Rus, that ruled there for some seven hundred years. According to Wikipedia the origin of the Rus seems to be disputed. I'm curious and would like to know more about them. What happened to the Rus' reign and how much land did they actually rule over?

I'm thankful for any answers!

*Edit: Removed a second question related to Landes, but not the Rus.

I realize that no one can go into Luo Guanzhong's mind and figure out what he was thinking, but if a pro-Shu / anti-Wei perspective would have been common in that period (much as, say, the pro-Spartan/anti-Persian perspective in Frank Miller's 300 is not wholly due to Miller's idiosyncratic view, but to some degree reflects our culture's view), I'd be curious to know about the milieu that lead to that view.

From my American perspective, I can't see why Chinese of a millennium later would be more invested in any one of the Three Kingdoms period states over the other, but then I'm sure many people not versed in 20th/21st century American culture wouldn't understand why anyone today would care about Spartans or Persians from over two millennia ago.

Was it mostly that the Shu were sort of scrappy underdogs, or that they took Liu claims of Imperial legitimacy seriously, or what?

A lot of their claims seem a little fantastical to me, with regards to their tankers and pilots. Given that the Nazis were well known for creating huge amounts of propaganda, it seems that exaggerating the exploits of their soldiers would dovetail nicely with their whole master race thing.

Yet, it seems that their claims are more or less accepted without question. Are they credible, or has no one ever bothered trying to verify them? I can think of at least one situation where the Nazi claims do not match up with American records at all.

Since diamonds are relatively worthless and fairly abundant how come when I am browsing /r/ArtefactPorn it is very common for there to be sword hilts and other things covered in them?

As a side question, how was the reaction different to the execution of Louis XVI of France over a century earlier?

• couldn't Turing have moved to the US or to France in order to avoid persecution or were his movements restricted because of his wartime work?

• wasn't it a bit uncommon that a member of the British upper classes was being charged for being homosexual? Turing received the OBE in 1945, so wouldn't that qualify him for this club?

The name of the town? village? neighborhood? was called "Mavro Xali" in Greek which means black carpet. In Turkish I think that comes out to mean "Siyah Halı" or perhaps "Kara Hali". Does anyone know where that is?

From the individuals that lived there before 1923 most just said they were from Constantinople, Anatolia or Ionia. Its not specific enough though to find where mavro xali is exactly.

I know that there were various laws passed over almost two centuries (1792, 1886, and 1947) trying to rectify the problem, but was there no recognition from lawmakers at the time that there remained glaring uncertainties?

Even Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution is murky at best. Did the Founding Fathers not realize this? Or were they simply kicking the can down the road?

I know of taxes being paid as a percentage of harvest, but was this a common practice? What happened to all the dry goods the government collected? Did merchants of the time also pay in some of their goods, or did they pay with cash?

Also, have taxes been paid in other ways, such as labor or conscription, or was that reserved for people who refused to pay their taxes?

Where there other codes? If so, how did Morse Code win out to be the standard?