The Yazidi angel, Melek Taus, and the Islamic devil Shaitan have a very similar origin story. Is there any historical evidence as to who influenced whom?

We know that Judaism influenced Christianity, which in turn influenced Islam. But the Yazidi religion is a contradiction - it's generally considered older than Islam, but also has been influenced by it along with the other Abrahamic religions. So I was wondering if we know for sure which religion came up with the origin story first.

2 Answers 2014-12-23

Population of 6th century Milan and Rome

I know that Robert Graves isn't a historical source, but in his book "Count Belisarius" he claims that he sticks as close to history as he can, not making up any events or characters other than his narrator. He also cites Procopius as his primary source for the book's material so I assume that the figures he uses for the populations of cities has some basis in the historical record.

In the books he mentions that 300 000 people were massacred in Milan when the Goths reclaimed it from the Romans, he also states that 400 000 civilians left the city of Rome, leaving only 100 000 people behind.

These are much larger than the figures that I am used to seeing for 6th century population.

I was wondering why Graves would use these numbers, would they have been the numbers reported by Procopius? Perhaps they are his own invention and count the amount of people from the countryside and have taken refuge? Or even would these numbers have been accepted by historians at some point?

Thank you for any information.

1 Answers 2014-12-23

When time of year was Jesus born?

Luke 2:5 to 2:8 says "He went there to register with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him and was expecting a child. While they were there, the time came for the baby to be born, and she gave birth to her firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no guest room available for them. And there were shepherds living out in the fields nearby, keeping watch over their flocks at night."

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2%3A1-20&version=NIV

Wikipedia (citing "New Testament History" by Richard L. Niswonger; "Luke: an introduction and commentary" by Leon Morris, and "Stories of Jesus' Birth" by Edwin D. Freed) says that: "Neither gospel account mentions the time of year during which the events they describe takes place. However, the Gospel of Luke reference to shepherds grazing their sheep in the fields has been taken to imply a birth during the springtime, summer or early fall."

Contained within here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus#Nativity_accounts:_Luke_and_Matthew

Now, the link I provided up above regarding the passage from Luke doesn't say the sheep were necessarily grazing, but that the shepherds were "living out in fields" and were "keeping watch over their flock at night." I realize this could be a translation of whatever version of the bible that website is using.

In my own copy of the bible I have nearby, Luke 2:8 says "that night in the fields near Bethlehem some shepherds were guarding their sheep."

I have three different versions of what the shepherds were doing with their sheep.

One says "watching" the sheep

One says "grazing" the sheep

And the other says "guarding" the sheep.

I understand how grazing can imply spring, but I'm wondering how can the other two quotes imply a time of year? To me it seems more likely that it implies a time of day.

I looked through the FAQ's on Jesus for a bit before posting this, but I couldn't find answers to this question, so I hope it is not a bother considering there are many, many questions on the topic of Jesus . Thank you.

edit:

and now the grammar in the title is killing me.

1 Answers 2014-12-23

Is there any evidence that major cities existed in the U.S. before the arrival of the colonists?

The majority of what I'd consider "Native American cities" that I'm aware of were located in Central/South America, like Cusco or Tenochtitlan.

I guess what I'm asking is if there were any major permanent settlements that existed before the arrival of Europeans in the area that we now consider the United States. And if so, why aren't there ruins/remains of their existence on the scale of what we see in other areas?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

What was the relationship like between Mussolini and the Vatican City?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

How did the number three get so popular in ancient times?

I'm sorry for the badly worded question, couldn't quite express what I was trying to ask. Mainly I'm just wondering, does three show up a lot in history? Or is it just a coincidence? And why is it significant?

For example, a lot of folk stories about brothers or sisters or anything have groups of threes. Three princes each set forth, one finds happiness. The Trinity. The Hindu triumvirate. The Greek Gods split the realms into three, sky, sea and the underworld.

I'm not trying to connect things that shouldn't be connected, but I was just wondering why three seems to be so popular in stories and myths and beliefs. Why is it not seven, like in Westeros of ASoIaF? Or two, for symmetry? I guess my main question is, why three?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

Why are a lot of medieval and ancient shields in a circle shape? Wouldn't it be easier to make a shield in a rectangular/square shape?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

Book Request: Recent scholarly books on white return to urban centers since the late 1980s/early 1990s

Can anyone recommend any books (or even essays or articles on JSTOR and other sources) written in the past 1-10 years on the ongoing results of white flight from the early 1990s to the present, the rise of suburbia, but more importantly the current white return since the early 90s (I am interested in NYC in this context, but any city or examination of national trends is welcome) to urban centers throughout the United States? I want to read more about the return of American cities and their white populations. The reasons and why. Completely open to wild or even obvious hypotheses. Anything is open season here, from college debt, to the break down of national social safety nets, to various elections, to general disenchantment with suburban life and the skepticism to home ownership from the New Deal being a fraud. (just throwing all of that out there). Thanks in advance for your help on this.

3 Answers 2014-12-23

Why were the men who dropped the atomic bomb not charged with a crime against humanity?

2 Answers 2014-12-23

Tuesday Trivia | Penny for Your Posts: History’s Frugalistas, Penny-Pinchers, or just plain Cheapskates

Previous weeks' Tuesday Trivias and the complete upcoming schedule.

Today’s trivia theme comes to us from /u/CanadianHistorian!

It’s time we celebrated some people who knew the value of a dollar. Please share a historical figure who was known for the gift of thrift and examples of this from their life, or any general historical stories about great savings you'd like to share.

Next week on Tuesday Trivia: for the last trivia of 2014 we'll be sharing interesting first-person historical narratives or oral histories... with a bit of a twist.

4 Answers 2014-12-23

Why did the schism in christianity occur?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

What was the 1st true non-fiction book?

3 Answers 2014-12-23

Why did Bulgaria have a Tsar as a leader instead of a King?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

What make up the key differences between the way the Roman Republic operated vs the way the Roman Empire did

I understand after Julius Caesar's assassination, there was a power struggle which eventually led to his nephew taking power and claiming himself the first Emperor of Rome.

What I don't understand is what changes occurred within the political system of Rome itself between the two government types. [Edit:] Did the Senate never reconvene after Caesar's death? Did the Roman Empire retain any elements of a Republic afterwards or was it literally a large dictatorship at that point?

[Edit2:] If Julius Caesar is credited with claiming himself Emperor... and he died shortly after making that claim. Why didn't Rome just continue as usual?

3 Answers 2014-12-23

Were there western european assassination orders similar to the ninjas or hashshashins?

There are so many movies and books that deal with ninjas and hashshashins, but there doesn't seem to be any reference to a western european equivalent.

1 Answers 2014-12-23

How aware were people in medieval Europe about the history of their respective regions?

For example, was the general public in the area of today's Germany in the year 1000 CE aware that they were part of the biggest empire in history a few hundred years earlier.

Was the general public aware of changes in technology and culture and were they anticipating change in the future or was everything seen as more static?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

Is their a case in history of an Anarchist society?

And if there was a example, how well did they implement their vision and how did they function? It can also consist of older examples that were retrospectively acknowledged as anarchist or that failed to fully implement it.

4 Answers 2014-12-23

Is there any example in history of an invading civilization raping the entire enemy to extinction?

2 Answers 2014-12-23

Who would you guys consider to be the greatest warrior/military leader of all time?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

How did European colonizers determine the names of their settlements. For example, what exactly about New Jersey was similar to Jersey?

4 Answers 2014-12-23

During the British Raj in India, which lasted around 89 years, how common was it that a Brit would marry an Indian?

Considering they stayed there for about a hundred years or more and installed a government that lasted 89 years, there should be some large number here but it doesn't seem like it was very common.

1 Answers 2014-12-23

What were Native American and Canadians up to during the early centuries? 4th, 5th centuries?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

How does an ethnic group appear? Did one ever disappear? If yes, why? If no, why not?

If a general pattern is hard to describe, are there any examples we can trace with confidence to use as case studies?

Like, I don't know, when and how did a bunch of people living along the Nile start calling and thinking of themselves as the same group of "Egyptian" (pardon me if this example is not accurate)

2 Answers 2014-12-23

During WWI the English were known for their funny songs. Where can I listen to recordings or reproductions?

"we're here because, we're here because, we're here because we're here."

1 Answers 2014-12-23

Fire: in what ways did it help us to manipulate our material surroundings; from discovery 'til modern day?

1 Answers 2014-12-23

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