Basically what I want to know is how come there is such a big difference between former communist countries regarding religion? For example: the Czech Republic and the former DDR are very atheist, which I always thought was an effect of former communist reign. But how come communist reign didn't have the same effect on Hungary, Slovakia and even Russia, which are still very religious countries?

I may be misinterpreting, but they way it's worded several times makes it seem like an INCREASE of 4.00 rather than a raise TO $4.00.

I have a hard time distinguishing which events were considered revolution instead of reformation in the Reconstruction period 1800s, maybe just semantics. In other words, to what degree was the reconstruction a revolution?

I am under the impression that any law changes like constitutional changes (13th thru 15th amendment) fall under reforms.

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Thanks

With the number of demigod characters in Greek mythology, I'm wondering if any real women claimed gods to be the fathers of their children. Also, would single motherhood be frowned upon in the first place?

For example, did other people write stories using Dickens's characters for either private or commercial use? Were his characters used, without his permission, as mascots for advertisements? Or what about derivative works such as stage plays? I know that illiterate people used to pay for someone else to read Dicken's stories to them; was this technically illegal as a form of copyright infringement back then? How zealously were instances of infringement prosecuted?

I'm not asking about Dickens specifically, but this question is inspired by his character Sam Weller which was extremely popular and inspired a lot of associated merchandise. Was that merchandising authorized by Dickens or his publisher, and if not would it even be illegal under the law of the time?

I’m a peasant woman in my early twenties living in France/Germany/England in the medieval age. There’s a really cute guy I’ve seen at Sunday mass that has caught my attention, and I think I’ve caught his. What would a (first) date(s) look like? Would I have to be accompanied by a trusted female friend/family member? For how long would we date? Is a breakup an option? What would my wedding look like?

Would also love to see a guys perspective as well.

Thanks!

I have been trying to find a answer on how long the voyage would have been and I have found nothing. Honestly I would be happy with just how long it would to reach Indonesia from Europe at any point during the age of sail.

From what i can gather, Mayo was invented somewhere between like 1750 and 1850. My question is, does anyone know why it wasnt invented earlier? The 3 basic ingredients, egg, oil, and acid were available to almost all of humanity for a very long time, and from what i can gather, the basic process to make mayo isn't all that different from other sauces

Ps. Idk what to flair this, food science seems the closest

Which books are essential for learning about it, or that have thoroughly collected it?

How were the Italian armies of the many states of the time reorganized after France took control of the peninsula, particularly after the establishment of the First French Empire?

As I understand it, chữ hán was the official writing system, but chữ nôm was popular with the nobles and the rest of the society that could read/write. Chữ quốc ngữ was introduced by missionaries in the 1600s(?), and then french rule imposed this writing system in the 1910s as the official one through educational systems.

S. Eliot and J. Rose in The History of the Book precise that Gia Định Báo was written in chữ quốc ngữ as propaganda from the french administration, and that many of the contributors were catholic, but what did vietnamese nationalists think of it? Was it supported because of its popularity only?

I also read that chữ nôm/chữ hán was not re-introduced as an official writing system because the forced chữ quốc ngữ rendered chinese characters "mostly forgotten". I am doubtful about that, I can be wrong by all means but I find it hard to believe that 1) it would be the only reason (I know Vietnam was under France's rule for a long time, but still) and 2) that there weren't voices against chữ quốc ngữ as an official writing system.

I also don't know if either side from the Vietnam War tried to bring back chữ nôm/chữ hán (as a nationalist symbol or because of its longevity before french rule) or if writers from the XXth century were numerous to publish books or poems in these writing systems.

I don't know if I'm digging too far, I'm simply a bit bewildered and I'm not sure which sources to trust. Sorry if my questions are too many & thank you in advance!

Often monuments serve to competing histories. Most known are the cases of various Communist WW2 memorials in countries behind the Iron Courtain putting in the spotlight anti-Soviet (and often German collaborator) memorials erected after the fall of the USSR.

But I am more interested in the European experience in cases like Petain or Polish antisemitism coupled with Polish victimhood. I ask this because a major church in Greece has been partially been built by looted Jewish tombstones. How have historians in Europe have treated stories in cases like that ? How can a church which still has the tombstones can function as a place of worship while at the same time as a place of memory?

I am asking this a second time after nine months, hoping that the change about the use of paradigms will yield more answers this time. Thanks !

I was recently in Rome and somehow didn’t ask someone this question but it’s something I’ve always been wondering about. At what point did someone say “eh, let’s stop sweeping and just let this giant building in the middle of our city fall to shit” was there maybe a couple hundred year period where people didn’t live there? Was it just not worth it? So many amazing beautiful and important buildings in that city I’m just curious why none had any upkeep or renovation through the millennia?

I was watching Monty Python and the Holy Grail and the scene where the peasants say they didn't know who the King was got me thinking. Did peasants in medieval Europe know who their rulers were?

In such large kingdoms and Empires, would peasants living outside of cities have any knowledge of the kingdoms politics and rulership?

Austria referred to itself as an archduchy rather than just a duchy, or a kingdom or anything else. Is there a difference between a duchy and an archduchy? Or between a grand duchy and an archduchy? If not, why the special name?

Basically, this seems kind of over the top, especially for a man who generally seemed against flair and fancy tomfoolery. Why does he talk so nonchalantly about buying a new Impala? Where is he even going to find such an old model car? Was dumping busted cars like this a common thing going back in Eazy’s era?