To narrow down the frame, if necessary, in large American and Western European cities from the mid-eighteenth to early twentieth centuries, how did municipalities deal with all the piss and shit created from horses riding around the city?

Specifically how were the Romans with their gladius and pila able to get close to the Phalanx with their long Dory spears. I have heard it has something to do with the maniple formation but don't understand how that worked in practice.

We often hear about how "80% of the wealth in America is in the hands of the wealthiest 1% of the population."

What were these numbers like in France in the days before the Revolution?

Has this always been the case? Was there a certain event/time period that triggered this? It seems unusual to me that this is a universal characteristic.

How dire (or not) was their situation militarily in their final 100 (or so) years of existence? Just curious.

Was it mainly just to send the message of "Don't f**k with Britain!" or something else?

Thanks!

-In your personal opinion, can it be ethically justified?

Paintings? Sculpture?

Currently I am learning about hinduism in school, but it is all very confusing. There are so many branches of hinduism; can hinduism be classified as one religion/way of life?

I know that everyone asks about English but I hardly see the question posed about other languages like germanic, slovak, russian etc.

I think it's a great book. The prose is a delight to read and its scope is downright inspiring despite its relative brevity.

It's also half a century old. How has it kept its stature as the basic text until now? How does it hold up in light of current scholarship?