So I recently came into possession of a Cold War Era M1 helmet. The liner of said helmet has three markings on it all in white paint: Front: A Right-side: 13 Back: 3

What does ANY of that mean?

Athena is a literal goddess of war and Artemis is a goddess of the hunt - these seem to be fairly oxymoronic pairings of gender and occupation compared to the stereotypical women in Greek life. Was there contemporary commentary on this? Did any women attempt to emulate these goddesses and seek martial glory?

In the ancient world, what was the difference between ships considered suitable for sailing along the coast or up rivers, versus those considered suitable for crossing the open Mediterranean?

Of course, navigation was also an issue, but here I'm only talking about the ships themselves. How did the largest, most seaworthy ship considered suitable for e.g. sailing up the Nile, compared to the smallest, cheapest ship considered suitable for sailing across to Italy?

So, as far as I'm aware a well-trained, veteran, professional army has a significant advantage over an army which is made up primarily of levies or fresh recruits.

But I was wondering how much this advantage realistically is in numbers. All else being equal (so the same types of troops, not cavalry vs. infantry or something, no huge disparity in technology where one side has gatling guns and the other is using spears) historically how large an army of inexperienced soldiers can a professional army generally take on? Two times as many? Three times? Four times?

I'm primarily looking for specific historical examples of this happening (a smaller veteran and/or professional army beating a larger non-professional army or army of fresh recruits) and the respective army numbers involved. The larger the disparity in the example, the better. I'm especially interested in the extremes, though more average ones are also welcome.

Thank you in advance. =)

Edit: I just wanted to clarify that I know there is no perfect scenario here. There will always be other factors involved. Ideal examples are the ones that are as even in ways other than numbers and professionalism as possible, obviously. But I know that one which comes down solely to training and professionalism probably isn't around. Hopefully though by seeing many examples I can look at these examples all in closer detail, see what other factors played a role (which will tend to be different for different examples) and kind of try to sift them out that way and get a vague idea what the comparative advantage is.

I’m watching the Roman Empire documentary on Netflix, and it mentions that Tiberius wanted his brother (and heir) Germanicus killed so that his own son could inherit the throne.

How did succession work in the Roman Empire? Why didn’t it just go to his son automatically, but instead to his brother?

I'm not knowledgeable when it comes to stuff like this. I find history quite fun to learn. Although, I don't really get that much into details. I've read events and watched documentaries about Empires conquering lands with huge amount of soldiers numbering sometimes up to 100 thousand. That's quite a lot of soldiers. What's the process behind this?

If my understanding is correct, there are different hierarchies of both angels and demons.

Angels are depicted in strange ways because of having many wings at a time but also having many halos of fire but no human body.

Demons are portrayed in a variety of different ways and there were different depictions and hierarchies of demons like the Seven Princes of Hell.

But Biblical texts do not describe these beings the way we know today so where did these portrayals come from and why did they stick?

And have a question. It is dated 1887 Aug 13. States his service was with Browns Co 2 Texas Cav.

Can’t find anything on it. Does anyone have any info on where they may have served and doing what?

Whenever I see something like historical viking boots they seem to be pretty thin, so I was wondering what more northern people wore during winter? What are they called if they did?

Let's say I'm a recent immigrant farmer settling in the new territory-turn-state of Iowa (USA) in the 1830s-1880s, from northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) or Ireland.

What kind of beer did I brew? Did I distill liquor, what kinds? Did I convert my grain to liquor to sell at the market?

What kind of food preservation did I do? What kind of sausages and ham did I make? Potted or canned meat? Canned or candied fruit, preserved vegetables? Would they have known about nixtamalization of corn?

Ice houses used for food storage were a technology that flourished for a while, can anyone point me towards more information on that?

Given that the word "tattoo" is relatively modern, and the lack of plausible finds of tattooing equipment of the era, I'm wondering what the description of the tattoos given by Malmesbury in the original actually was? I'm struggling to find a (legible) non translation of Gesta Regum Anglorum".

So I've recently heard that it's really hard to research ancient kings and heros because legends and history were written down together, as being one and the same thing, legendary characters and events being treated as if they were real and written into records of real events. When did this stop? When did we start writing down what happened for real separate from myths, legends and religion?