In age-organized systems of male/male sexual relationships like Greek paiderastia and Japanese shudō, how did the relationship end when the eromenos or wakashū came of age?

My understanding is that these relationships were seen as educational, between a mentor and a student, and that when the younger partner came of age, any previous sexual dimension to the relationship ceased.

From my 21st century perspective, I have a hard time imagining being in a, say, five year sexual relationship with someone, and then suddenly stopping just because I got a ritual haircut. (I know this is an extreme simplification, but I'm having trouble wrapping my mind around it.)

Do we have any primary sources that address the emotions involved in the transition from mentor/mentee, lover/beloved to equal men? Would an erastes have been sad to lose his eromenos, or proud that he had become a man? Would a wakashu have felt lonely after his nenja stopped writing love letters?

4 Answers 2014-06-27

Friday Free-for-All | June 27, 2014

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

16 Answers 2014-06-27

What was the cause for the Soviet lack of support for the Warsaw Uprising?

Soviet forces are often criticized for not supporting the Warsaw uprising in WW2 for political reasons (to eliminate Polish rivals etc.) However I have also read a conflicting viewpoint that states the Red Army was not in a position to cross the Vistula.

So, what is the consensus today among historians? Did the soviets stop short of Warsaw for political or military reasons? And what are the evidence for both sides?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

How tolerable was the Ottoman Empire towards minority religions?

2 Answers 2014-06-27

Why did the bow not see widespread use in sub saharan Africa?

Unless of course it did. Africa is a big place no doubt, and I'm sure at least some tribes used it. Was it perhaps not effective on the type of game being hunted?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

From Mao's point of view, was the Cultural Revolution a success, a failure or something in between?

Reading about the Cultural Revolution and Mao's role in it, I never really grasped his real motivation and ultimate plan. It seemed like he was constantly flip flopping when it came to certain issues (like who to back and who to accuse). At first I thought he just wanted to oust Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping from power, while regaining power himself, but after achieving those goals his focus kind of shifted (and Mao even recalled Deng Xiaoping later on).

Basically:

  1. Did the Cultural Revolution go according to plan at first, but then went out of control? (But then, why didn't he just stop it? It certainly seemed like he had the power to do so and even nearly did it...until he poured oil into the fire again himself.)
  2. Did it go according to plan from start to finish? (Seems unlikely considering he was backing the Red Guards one day and the PLA the other; same with the ultra leftists and conservatives.)
  3. Did it fail from the beginning? (Also seems unlikely as he did achieve the above mentioned goals)
  4. There was no plan at all and Mao just wanted to stir things up for the sake of stirring things up? (Maybe he was bored? A little bit out of touch? Completely crazy? Doesn't seem plausible either.)

1 Answers 2014-06-27

What happened in Vietnam (short-term and longer-term) after the US finally withdrew?

Lately I've heard commentators compare the ISIS crisis in Iraq to what happened in Vietnam. I'm not interested in making connections to two distinct points in history, so please ignore the Iraq comparison (and not just because modern topics violate this subreddit's rules), I'm just interested in getting a fuller understanding of what happened then without worrying about whether it's similar/different to other points in history.

1 Answers 2014-06-27

How did razor blades become standardised?

To clarify, I mean this type of razor blade.

1 Answers 2014-06-27

Why did raiders destroy villages belonging to their enemies in medieval times?

Was it to strike fear or was it to decrease their enemies wealth?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

How prevalent were tattoos and piercings in Europe through the middle ages?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

Was there any connection between Mesoamerica and the Caribbean?

I recently learned that the Tainos also played a ball game ("batey"), and so I wondered in which extent these two worlds knew each other. I'm also interested in any interactions between the Caribbean and the rest of their neighbourhood.

2 Answers 2014-06-27

D-Day Normandy: Was there a plan to circumvent well-defended beaches to less midway through the attack?

For example, after realizing Omaha Beach was the most heavily defended did they consider diverting to another landing zone to lessen casualties? Was not doing so ever considered a mistake?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

What are some of the definitive reads in the historiography of the prohibition era?

I'm planning a dissertation on the prohibition era and would like to know some of the main work that has been written on the era as a starting point.

1 Answers 2014-06-27

How did the vikings become such good sailors?

They seem to have been better than anyone else in Europe at the time. Why is that?

2 Answers 2014-06-27

Did Europeans simply go to Africa and load people into ships to use as slaves? Were there no kingdoms/empires in Africa at the time that could put up a fight?

2 Answers 2014-06-27

How was Yugoslavia modeled economically, and how did it differ to other Eastern bloc/socialist countries?

Hi guys!

I've been trying to do an elementary study of some of the socialist countries of the 20th century, but I'm having a tough time grasping how the Yugoslavian economy functioned. I've heard that it wasn't centrally planned like the Soviet Union and depended more on self-management by the workers, but I haven't gotten a clear view of what that really means. So I've got a few questions:

  • Were all companies formed as co-ops with the workers directly owning the business, or was the state involved in ownership? Or maybe both?

  • Was employment 'guaranteed' like it was in the Soviet Union?

  • To what degree was the profit motive at play for individual workers and for co-ops/businesses?

  • How did foreign businesses interact with this economic model? I've heard that Yugoslavia was one of the few socialist countries where western goods could be attained, but surely these western companies didn't follow the Yugoslav economic structure of self management?

  • In general, how much of a hand did the state have in the production of goods? How much interference could the average business expect? As a follow up/clarification, what was the general relationship between the state and a business?

Now that I think about it, I've also got some political questions:

  • How was dissent handled? I've heard that during the Stalinist times in the Soviet Union that dissent was...frowned upon rather dramatically. Was it the same in Yugoslavia at any point?

  • Was Tito's rule ever challenged? How popular was he with the people? I've heard him referred to as one of the most 'benevolent' dictators.

  • Follow up: Was there any semblance of free elections in Yugoslavia during this time period?

I've read this thread on some of these topics - it felt like a good starter, but I was hoping to clarify some more stuff.

Thanks a million guys!

Note: Sorry for any lack of clarity or typos - I wrote this with a heavy dose of jet lag and sleep debt.

2 Answers 2014-06-27

Why was Italy a Great Power in the 19th Century, and why has it declined so much?

I'm curious, as the idea of Italy being a Great Power is odd to me.

2 Answers 2014-06-27

How did the romans defeat the parthian empire, since to my knowlege, parhians had horse archers which were superior to the roman troops in parthians native terrain?

3 Answers 2014-06-27

How did Pre-Columbian peoples in North America incorporate the horse into their cultures, and what animals, if any, would have been used for transportation and labor before this?

Historically, Old World cultures revolved heavily around horses and their different uses as transportation, beasts-of-burden, and in war. Since the New World didn't naturally have horses, how did North American native societies and cultures grow differently? Were there other animals used similarly to horses? And to what degree did most natives actually incorporate the horse into their cultures?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

Is there a hierarchy in titles Emir, Sultan and Khan when it comes to titles of Muslim rulers/leaders?

I understand a lot is dependent on both etymological and geographical origin of the words (e.g. Khan has Mongol/Turkish origins). But was there any empire/sultanate which incorporated all three terms. And how do modern usage (e.g. United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman) relate to this hierarchy?

I read a previous post on [similar topic] (http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1tk3w2/are_king_and_sultan_completely_analogous_titles/), which provides good context. But not quite answer the question I have.

2 Answers 2014-06-27

During WW2 was any country fighting against an allie of of its allie?

During world War two, was there ever a country (or group) that was fighting against a country but was allied (not just not in a war) with that countries allie? I vaugly remember maybe something like that in Yugoslavia but I'm not sure.

2 Answers 2014-06-27

What if Gavrilo Princip had come with a balloon instead of a pistol. Would WWI have still happened?

2 Answers 2014-06-27

suppose you went back in time and visited London in 1330 (before the Black death) and then again 1390 (after the Black death). Aide from obvious stuff like new buildings and new faces on coins, what differences would there be between the two?

1 Answers 2014-06-27

How did the Ku Klux Klan think of Nazi Germany and vice versa? Were there any attempts by Germany during WWII to use or "recruit" the KKK?

4 Answers 2014-06-27

Why was Napoleon's Russian campaign such a disaster?

What went wrong on the supply and logistical side of the campaign?

Why did the Grand Armee's numbers dwindle so much early in the campaign?

Why did Napoleon/his subordinates fail to trap/destroy/bring to battle the Russian armies?

What's the truth in Napoleon refusing to commit the guard at Borodino, would it likely have broken the Russian army?

3 Answers 2014-06-27

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