During WWII Italy has occupied large portions of Croatia. Some parts of occupied teritory were previously part of Yugoslavia. So, during WWII Croats living in those parts became citizens of Italy. Did they also get Italian citizenship? If yes, what happend to it after Italian capitulation?

Thank you!

I don't mean just in France, England, Spain, Portugal, etc, but how did people come to know about the new world in less involved parts of the old one like the Ottoman Empire and China? How did nations bordering the Atlantic ocean react? Was there ever any worry of invasion from the western seaboard during colonization?

Any kind of policy or similar that either led to the development of modern insurance.

Today in history my teacher showed us The Pacific part 1 and he said that the event in the questioned actually happened yet I can't find anything on it. Thanks

Let's make up some time periods.... Tudors period Europe, pirating in the Caribbean, and Pacific WW2.

Also, why Jews?? What made them different? They're extremely intelligent (Ashkenazi, anyway) and an exalted people in the Bible, were they all jealous or something? Thanks.

I'm looking to read a biography for every president over the summer.

So far I have two biographies chosen:

• His Excellency: George Washington by Joseph J. Ellis

• John Adams by David McCullough

and I'm looking for any suggestions for the other 42 presidents. Sorry if this kind of post isn't allowed.

I have a pretty interesting story to share, but not a lot of time to share it... So, in a nutshell....

Recently my great grandmother died. Some of her last words were about the father of my grandmother, who she never wed, was a 'one night stand' with a doctor who served during WW1. She was a librarian living in Picardy, France. As most of you history buffs will already know, a location very prevalent in WW1 (the Somme). From what she told us, they had a very brief affair of around 2 months, before he was killed. During this time, she got pregnant with my grandmother and moved back home to England.

Here is where the story gets interesting. After the war, she received a letter from a German woman named Olivia Hanover who claimed she was related to the man. It is not clear wether she was his wife, sister, mother or not, as she did not say. My great grandmother was far too traumatized by the experience to ever relive it and go back, and destroyed the letter..

Several years went by and she found a box of his belongings not long before remarrying and having several more children. In the box was a list of addresses, names and letters to his wife (during the war). She says that upon reading some of the letters, she discovered that he came from an "incredibly wealthy" and "well known" German family, possibly even of Royal descent, though she was very old and forgetful at her age and did not remember any of the names beyond the woman who sent that original letter. The fact that he came from a very wealthy family is of course very intriguing for us, I would love to know the truth about my family tree.

I naturally did a bit of googling to try and shed some light. I found that Hanover is actually a german royal house, there is a lot of information over on Wikipedia about them though there is no mention of Andreas (which may or may not have been his real name, since she said his friends called him Hans).

So I guess what the ultimate question I have is, how can we go back to those times to find out where our bloodline comes from? Is Ancestry.com reliable? would we even get close?

None of the letters or documents survived the years since this all happened. My great gran was just 18 at the time. If anyone has some ideas how we can dig further I would appreciate it.

I'm in a class about security policy, and we were discussing the role of mercenaries throughout history. I seem to remember reading about this event in the Gibbons' Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, but that was some time ago. The professor wasn't familiar with what I was talking about, but one of my classmates said she remembered something like that.

So am I crazy, or did this happen? And if so, WHAT happened?

If you can tell me where in Gibbon I read that, or some other source, that would be even better.

Thanks.

This question is coming from a conversation I had awhile ago, so the details are very fuzzy. I was speaking with a friend of mine who happens to be a Quaker; he was speaking about how he wanted the government out of marriage. He claimed that there was a time when Quakers in the United States, for whatever reason, couldn't be married. He claims that if you go to some old graveyards this'll be evidenced by seeing headstones with inscriptions such as "Mr.X and His Consort" Is there any validity to this?

I don't mean explorers of the Americas like Columbus, Vespucci or Cabot. I'm interested how people (like Ernest Shackleton) managed to get to Antarctica, the interior of Africa and the jungles of India. Were the trips paid for by the state? Did they use their own wealth?

Other than the snowy regions of course

So historians are quick to point out that the Byzantine Empire is the continued line of the Roman Empire under a different name, and all the complexities therein.

But let's assume that plagues, famine, and other such calamities had not befallen the Eastern Romans in their march through Italy and their attempt to reclaim Roman territories.

The public view now is currently, it seems, that the Byzantines were Rome Lite, or Diet Rome. If the Papacy had not been able to crown Charlamagne and help establish the Holy Roman Empire, if the Byzantines had seized most of Italy as was their goal and held onto it, would that have bolstered their claim enough to echo back to us?

I suppose what I'm really asking here is, did the Papal attempts to stifle the Byzantine claims on Rome have a significant impact on our modern perception of the Empire, or would we view it much the same way today if the Papacy had been brought to heel?