How did the Athenians stand up to the Spartans?

I understand that after 2500 years, the Spartan mythos would be highly exaggerated, but even so from my understanding the Spartan Army was a highly professional, highly trained, highly motivated force that faced an army that neither trained as often nor as hard as the Spartans.

When an Athenian claimed that 'We have often driven you from the Cephisus'. Antalcidas replied "But we have never driven you from the Eurotas."

How exactly did the Athenians manage to drive the Spartans away at all if the Spartan army was so superior?

5 Answers 2014-03-24

In the events leading up to World War II, the League of Nations was considered ineffective in preventing the escalation of military conflict. Is the any different?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

What lead the US and USSR to become superpowers so (relatively) quickly?

I'm not sure if I'm overestimating how much work is involved in the industrialisation and development of a country, but ~20-30 years since the revolution for the USSR and ~80 years since the US Civil War seems like a really short time for the two countries to become superpowers

1 Answers 2014-03-24

How long were the natives in the Americas before it was colonized by Europeans? And why were the natives so far behind in terms of technology?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

Is it just me or is the current situation in Ukraine eerily similar to the situation that lead to August 1914 and September 1939? Could someone please compare?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

Why do no English/British monarchs have epithets following the Norman conquest?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

during the second world war, did Germany have plans for a long range heavy bomber?

I know they had the JU-88 but did they have plans for something along the lines of the Lancaster or b-29 super-fortress?

3 Answers 2014-03-24

Tonight's episode of Cosmos made Robert Hooke look like a rather bad man. I had no idea this was his reputation. Was he really the bad guy the show makes him out to be?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

Would Mao have been able to rise to power and maintain his power without Confucianism?

Did Confucianism help Mao to win popularity and rise to power, and was it also useful in maintaining his power by acting as a common enemy for the Chinese people and Mao?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

What would theoretically happened in history if Caesar had been defeated by Vercingetorix?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

Who was the first person to call Britain, Great Britain? And why did it stick?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

In World War II, whatever happened to that 99 years destroyers for bases deal?

Will we give them back to Britain or did something happen to those bases already?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

Which country benefited most after the First World War? Why?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

How much is known about Mazdakism ("Zoroastrianism")?

I'm a very far-left leaning individual (at various times described as Communist, Anarchist, Anarcho-Communist, "whatever-the-hell-I-feel-like-there-are-no-labels", etc), so I find myself very intrigued by the historical development of "Socialism".

I encountered Mazdakism a while back and find myself really curious about it. Reading the Wikipedia page was interesting, but leaves me wanting to know much more (given that the coverage is brief; what more can one expect from the wikipedia). I understand, however, that Mazdakism was, and perhaps still is, a persecuted religion for a very long time. My question is two-fold:

  • Have there been any new developments or finds concerning it? If not, are there any recommended books about it and the time period surrounding Kavadh I? Or perhaps the twilight of the Sassanid Empire in general?

  • What do you guys think is the likelihood that the Mazdaki text, the Desnad, will ever be found intact? In regards to the previous question, has it already? How much exists from cobbled-together sources? Was the Desnad treated like normal heretical writings and burned where encountered; or did a good deal of such writings (let's take Manichaenism as an example) manage to survive thanks to the fairly rapid collapse of Zoroastrian power in the 7th century? I understand that Islam treated Zoroastrians variously as "People of the Book"; did they discriminate between 'standard' Zoroastrianism and heretical sects?

That's all I can think to ask right now. If I can actually generate any responses, I may ask more about Zoroastrian history in general. I understand that Mazdakism was held to inspire a later "Khurramite" movement, which I also know nothing about!


In case anyone's interested, I actually learned about it from playing the game "Crusader Kings 2"; if you choose to play as the tiny, obscure, doomed Zoroastrian Satrapy of Merv (House of Karen, Vandad I - who curiously doesn't seem to actually exist at this time. It should be Quhyar, and it's dubious that even he would still live, or Bukhara would remain independent, by 867). Since your religious authority is by default very low, provinces readily embrace heretical teachings; particularly Mazdakism. I used to purge it, but now I encourage it!

1 Answers 2014-03-24

What is the difference between the training U.S. Soldiers received between pre/during/after WWI?

Thanks!

2 Answers 2014-03-24

were the Zhou Chinese awar of the islands of Japan? If so what did they think of the Jōmon era people who lived there?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

Was George Washington lucky?

As much as this sub dislikes Cracked, I enjoy their comedy, but there is one article that I find rather interesting and wish to check it's accuracy. This article suggests that George Washington was lucky or a wizard. While I'm not asking if he was a wizard, I do as if he was lucky?

Was he lucky or is he just lucky in retrospect?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

Should the Bombing of Dresden be considered a war crime?

Wondering if the bombing was bad enough to be considered a war crime and why/why not?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

In Ancient Rome even if it wasn't considered illegal or even particularly immoral, would it have been socially unacceptable to openly talk about the fact you had sex with your slaves?

2 Answers 2014-03-24

Was Suetonius unjudgemental when he wrote the lives of the Caesars?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

Why didn't Yelstin send troops to fight alongside the Serbs during Operation Allied Force?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

How was hitler viewed in the West after his ascent to power but before the war?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

What is the biggest historical discovery of the last 100 years?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

when did smiling in photos become normal?

I've noticed that in old portraits and photos, most of the time people did not smile. Why and when did smiling in photos become socially acceptable (if it wasn't) beforehand?

1 Answers 2014-03-24

How did Mongolia go from a powerful, huge spanning empire to a third world country in the modern era?

Hi guys. My apologies for sounding ignorant but I just never understood what happened with that vast empire. My knowledge goes from Genghis Khan running most of the known world to the small third world country it is today, commonly referred to as 'China's back yard'.

What block(s) of information am I missing between these two points? I thought that an empire that vast couldn't just simply degenerate to this point without some serious contributions along the way.

3 Answers 2014-03-24

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