For example, had all the islands on the planet been discovered? Were there any other geographical features on the planet that we were unaware of?

I'm making an essay about the Yugoslav nationalism before the Tito era and I need to look at its background as well. That means the Slavic nationalism in the Austrian rule , the Ottoman rule and the Tsardom of Russia

Thanks

I was wondering if any of you guys can recommend me some monographs about any 20th century topic, of around 100-120 pages max. Any help is welcome. Thank you in advance!

I'm mostly thinking pre-Constantine but I'm interested in afterwards, too. Did elite adoption of Christianity, and I'm assuming more Judeo-Christian mores, mean sex with slaves became less societally accepted?

I'm also interested in whether adoption of Christianity among slaves and the lower classes changed affected the society's view.

Thank you!

Given the immense respect that the two were said to share, it seems possible that the two may have wished to correspond with each other after the crusade ended. However, also consdiering the distances between the two rulers and Saladin's death not too long after crusade ended, this seems unlikely. Stranger things have happened though, so I would be curious to see if this did ever happen at any point.

Thank you very much.

Recently in my class we were learning about the aftermath of ww2, as my teacher was talking about the Nuremberg Trials, I asked them "Did any of the n*zi leaders survive?" but the bell rung before they could answer.

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So with that being said, did any of the n*zi leaders survive the Nuremberg trials? If so what was there life lie and where did they go?

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And if any did survive, why?

The lyrics to the second verse include:

I have sisters one, two, three
In my family there's just me
I've got one daddy
I've got two

Would the contemporary audience (children/parents) have understood this to be about a gay couple raising a child together? Was there any controversy about this at the time? I do remember quite a bit of controversy later in the 80s and 90s about, e.g., Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy's Roommate. I'm not sure I know enough to ask the right questions, but a casual reference to "two daddies" in a song from a mainstream kid's show from the early 1980s seems incongruous with what I thought I knew about both Sesame Street and acceptance of gay parents at that time, so any additional context would be appreciated.

In terms of maritime distance: Khmer Empire

• The shortest route from India to the Khmer Empire’s capital (Chennai - Angkor) is 4,700 km
• The shortest route from China to the Khmer Empire’s capital (Sanya - Angkor) is 1,700 km.
• Indian traders would have to travel 2.8 times further to get to the capital of the Khmer Empire than the Chinese could do.

While the Khmers held the Andaman coast for a period of time in its history, the kingdom started out as a nation with great Indian influence.

In terms of maritime distance: Kingdom of Champa

• The shortest route from India to the Kingdom of Champa’s capital (Chennai - Vijaya) is 4,700 km.
• The shortest route from China to the Kingdom of Champa’s capital (Sanya - Vijaya) is 500 km
• Indian traders would have to travel 9.4 times further to get to the capital of the Kingdom of Champa than the Chinese could do.

Why is it that these kingdoms were influenced by Indian culture despite being much closer to China?

I'm reading a book and from what I understand, the CCP and the KMT had the same goal, despite having different philosophies on how to achieve them. They eventually turned against each other and the KMT became the dominant power - until Stalin helped the CCP and Mao Zedong came to power. The book, however, doesn't explain why Stalin chose the CCP over the KMT.

I’ve been researching this, but there are still some aspects that confuse me and would love some insight!

Going to use a fictional example:

I am the Marquess Arthur Collins. What do people call me in day to day life? For example, friends, servants, etc.?

My wife is called Mary and has “Lady” in her title, but is she called Lady Mary Collins, or Lady Arthur Collins? What would friends, servants call her?

I have an unmarried son. Does he have the title of Lord, or any title at all?

As Marquess, my son is my heir, but I also have a younger brother who is married. Does he or his wife have any titles?

Could I have the title of Marquess is my father is still alive?

Thanks so much in advance.

Can someone explain the relationship between PIE and the Sintashta culture? From what I understand, current scholarly consensus is that the PIE homeland is located in present day Ukraine based on the Kurgan hypothesis and that Indo-European languages were derived from the Sintashta culture in the east where it spread in different directions. Scythian tribes became dominant over a vast territory stretching into Ukraine, had domesticated horses, and practiced Kurgan burials. Is it fair to say that Europeans derived their culture from the ancestors of Indo-Iranic pre-Scythian groups in Ukraine?

I am aware “race” is a very contentious term - take it to be nationhood, or culture, or whatever - but I am only very dimly aware as to the differences between what seems to be the modern Western conception of race on the basis of the division of skin colors, and say, that of the Roman one, which, correct me if I am wrong, seems to have held culture and language in higher regard, such that anyone could become Roman, if they adopt enough “civilized” habits (From the Romans’ point of view)

Am I correct or wrong in my assessment? Please educate me.

Today the Emperor of Japan is referred to in Chinese as the "Tian Huang", meaning roughly "Heavenly Emperor", which is just a Sinitic reading of the Sino-Japanese Tennou (the "ou" 皇 used here is not to be confused with the "ou" 王 meaning "king", which corresponds to Chinese "wang").

Although I can't claim to know, I would assume the Ming dynasty did not really acknowledge the existence of any foreign Huang 皇 or Di 帝. So did the Emperor of Japan style himself differently, perhaps as a Wang (like Korean rulers who IIRC used "Da Wang" 大王, "Great King"), or did the EoJ style himself a Huang while being referred to as a Wang in Chinese texts, or what was the case?

Related to this, were there any key differences in how the Japanese sovereign was styled compared to say, the Song, Yuan or Qing eras, in either Chinese or Japanese texts?

I'm not well acquainted with the history of mesoamerica. My understanding is that the narrative is sacrifice would bring good fortune.

Having thought about human sacrifice, the political scientist in me is seeing a tyrannical state controlling its people.

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Is it possible these practices had less to do with bringing rain and more to do with control?

Hello everyone,

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I've been reading this (historical fiction) book in which one paragraph suprised me: It calls the Arab Revolt of 1916-18 "overrated" and says that it only started supporting the British in Palestine after "it was obvious that the Turks were losing", and that they participated in "no major or minor battle" but were looking "to share in the coming spoils".

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I guess there is a different between the Arab Revolt earlier in Hejaz and later in Palestine, but so far my own research makes it seem like the Arabs were very effective at helping the British take Palestine and beyond from the Ottomans. But its all very confusing.

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How would you rate the importance of the Arab Revolt in the Palestine region? Did Britain really do all the work? Do you share the sentiment from my book?

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Also note: the book is a first edition from the 1950s, so maybe knowledge about the Palestine campaign was different back then?

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Thank you for any insights!

I would be especially interested in the following unit: батальон № 1035, рота № 2 - which translates to battalion nr. 1035, company nr. 2.

The introduction of fire warms as a weapon changed warfare. Obviously in the past warfare required weapons like swords,spears,axes and heavy amour. This mean that physical strength and size played a huge part. Even long range weapons like the long bow require strength and tons of years of training.Men are bigger and stronger so men as warriors makes sense. But with firearms it’s lighter weaponry,and less time consuming training a huge change in warfare negating that barrier and that would’ve provided such opportunities, and education increased as time went on. Also women’s size which was a detriment to ware fare with heavy weapons and armor would be less so for early guns with their high inaccuracies and women making a smaller target.And even though women weren’t as powerful as men in society unlike any other class or group women are throughout all parts of society including the top with the most wealth .

I'm currently researching a novel that I'd like to set during the mid to later years of the Safavid Dynasty, around 1680, in Isfahan, Iran (or Persia, technically). I'm really struggling to understand what the city would have looked like around that time. I know enough about bigger landmarks like mosques and palaces, but I honestly have no idea what an average person's home would look like or how they would interact with landmarks like the Imam/Shah mosque, for example.

I love archaeology and art history and I've been doing a lot of research but I just keep getting stuck! It seems like there really isn't much historical information on "normal people" in areas like Iran/Persia. Basically, all that I've found is a few sketches of the city by Europeans that date to 1673 at the very earliest.

Some basic questions:

• How would roads be organized?
• Would certain sectors of the city be specifically inhabited by different people? I know the Circassians, Armenians, etc lived in certain areas, but what about divisions by class?
• What did an everyday home look like? What about a store? Where did people buy food and clothing?

This may not be the right subreddit for this question, but if anyone has input let me know! Honestly, if you could just direct me to a good book to read, a website with the right info, or a different subreddit that would be wonderful!

I'm not an expert, but I've fallen in love with this area/time period recently so please be gentle if I've messed up some details. I want to get this right and make the real historians proud :)