I can't understand how a political party can survive signing capitulations during Japan's impressive economic growth and then survive the Lost Decade that was partly caused by the Plaza Accord.

Was there a specific point at which sleep began to be treated (perhaps rightfully) as something of a panacea, and a market began to emerge around ensuring the best possible sleep?

I know that Palestine owned Jerusalem before Israel took over, but who owned Jerusalem before Palestine? I tried searching up but I can't find a definite answer lol

This will probably be deleted but it's something that's been on my mind for a long time.

Can we please start making TL:DR a thing on this page? Sometimes I'm really interested in a question but don't have time to read someone's dissertation on the topic and it always just gets lost in time.

If its just me then I'll keep living my miserable uninformed life, but I feel like I'm not the only one.

It seems impossible to me that an operation of that scale could have been hidden until camps were found at the end of the war. How much did other governments / foreign media know about the situation?

I've been reading a book on John Harrison and the history of longitude, and one thing is confusing me. Maybe this would go just as well in an Ask Astronomers subreddit.

Let's say it's pre-marine-chronometer and I'm trying to measure my longitude, at land or sea, by some method that tells me the time at Greenwich. And I compare that to my local time... How, exactly?

I find out the local time by measuring local noon, when the sun is at its peak, and then I look at the stars or something at night to determine the time in Greenwich, how do I know how long ago it was noon? Surely I can't use a watch - otherwise I would just have kept one on Greenwich time. How is time kept in between the measurement of local time and global time? A more detailed understanding of, say, Columbus' use of lunar eclipses on his voyage (though his results were inaccurate) would help me here.

In 56 days, the Nazis sent over 400,000 Hungarian Jews to their deaths. This was between May and July 1944; the Allies had been well-aware of the extermination program since 1942, Operation Reinhard wrapped up in October 1943, and the tide had long turned against Germany over the course of the war. D-Day happened in June, and the Vrba-Wetzler Report (detailing the mass murder at Auschwitz) had been published in April.

The Germans had tried to keep the mass murder a secret to that point. So why did they seemingly do away with all this secrecy and make the deportations and murder of 12,000 people a day such a public spectacle, to the point where the Hungarian government (not the Germans) suspended the deportations in response to international pressure?

I heard that they supposedly received limited support from the government, so at least in the party there must have been sympathy. But how was the public perception of the anti-capitalist terrorists across the border like?

Paprika is a powder that is made from ground dried red pepper, a cultivation that was introduced to the Old World from Mexico. However, Hungary seems to be a mecca of paprika of sorts, in Hungary, paprika comes in lots of different grades, paprika is a core component of many Hungarian dishes, salt and paprika can be found tableside in Hungary, even the word paprika that we use is a borrowing from the Hungarian language. How did this spice find itself as a staple of Hungarian cuisine?

I was never taught about it in school and the Wikipedia article about it makes me more confused. Why are they fighting each other? All the news media tells me is that they're fighting each other.

Numbers wise it seems pretty close. The Peruvian Army had 35,000 men at a higher estimate and 25,000 at a lower one. The Bolivians added around 2,000~ to this. While the Chilean Army had 30,000 at the higher estimates and 27,000 at the lower ones.

Naval wise the Peruvian Navy had 2 torpedo boats, 7 wooden ships and 3 ironclads. The Chilean Navy also had 3 ironclads, but had ten torpedo boats and 8 wooden ships. Definite advantage there.

I’m interested in the strategies and tactics used for a Chilean victory. How did they win the war?

Bonus question: is there a possible causal link between the wars and the decline and the growingly less tolerant (in terms of religious freedom and pluralism) character of 1600-1750 Commonwealth?

I imagine it took over the complex bureaucratic administration of the previous Achaemenid empire, so I don't understand why it never achieved the steady control over its territories that the latter had.

I've been doing research on some Australia history and came across the flora and fauna law. Some sources say it's false while other sites claim it's true. It's really confusing so can someone please explain it to me? Thanks

Correct me if I'm wrong, but did they not care because Austrians were seen as just another type of Germans until the mid-twentieth century?

So in a way an Austrian leading Germany would have been no different to a Bavarian or Prussian leading Germany.

There was a post over in r/history about Charles the Mad of France and his delusion that he was made of glass.

Following a reasonable account of the illness, someone posted in a followup "was it because of the inbreeding?"

And I was just saddling up the high horse to lecture them that not every European monarch for all of history was an inbred mess, but I realised that I don't actually know what the deal is here.

I heard in a Western Civ/Literature class that the early Roman Republic only allowed land owners to be conscripted. My professor said it was because of a cultural moral belief that men at war should be fighting FOR something, or should have something legitimate to defend. He went so far as to say they were avoiding bloodthirst, or at least the appearance of it. This obviously fell out of style as Rome "acquired" more territories and started "transitioning" into an empire. We were getting ready to read Agricola, so I think the point he was making is that Rome wasn't always such a nasty backstabby Empire.

Is this true? What else do y'all know about moral codes and values for this early-mid Republic Rome?